4.7 Review

Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics

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Summary: The Maf proteins, including large Mafs and small Mafs, are important transcription factors that play a vital role in various biological processes. Dysregulation of Mafs can lead to cell fate changes and is closely associated with different diseases, especially tumor development.

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metabolic reprograming of MDSCs within tumor microenvironment and targeting for cancer immunotherapy

Qing Li et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. Targeting the metabolic vulnerabilities of MDSCs could serve as a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer.

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The functions and prognostic value of Kruppel-like factors in breast cancer

Ke-Yun Zhu et al.

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CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Immunology

The transcription factor KLF14 regulates macrophage glycolysis and immune function by inhibiting HK2 in sepsis

Yuan Yuan et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of KLF14 in regulating glycolysis and the immune function of macrophages during sepsis. KLF14 deletion leads to increased mortality in septic models. Mechanistically, KLF14 decreases glycolysis and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the transcription of HK2.

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Jae Hwan Kim et al.

Summary: The immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity, and chemical compounds in certain functional foods can influence immune function and provide protection against diseases.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Citrulline depletion by ASS1 is required for proinflammatory macrophage activation and immune responses

Youxiang Mao et al.

Summary: This study investigates the regulation and biological function of citrulline metabolism in the immune system. The researchers found that macrophage citrulline rapidly declines after interferon gamma and/or lipopolysaccharide stimulation, which is necessary for proinflammatory signaling activation. The study identifies ASS1 as a central player in controlling inflammatory macrophage activation and antibacterial defense by depleting cellular citrulline and reveals citrulline as a key metabolite in innate immune signaling.

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

miR-182 targeting reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and limits breast cancer progression

Chengxin Ma et al.

Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of the TGF beta/miR-182/TLR4 axis in the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and provides a theoretical basis for RNA-based therapeutics targeting TAMs in cancer.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Piezo1-mediated mechanosensation in bone marrow macrophages promotes vascular niche regeneration after irradiation injury

Xiaomei Zhang et al.

Summary: This study reveals the critical role of BM-Mfs in sensing and responding to structural changes after irradiation injury, promoting vascular niche regeneration and enhancing hematopoietic reconstruction.

THERANOSTICS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Periosteal CD68+F4/80+ Macrophages Are Mechanosensitive for Cortical Bone Formation by Secretion and Activation of TGF-β1

Ruoxian Deng et al.

Summary: The research indicates that myeloid-lineage cells differentiate into subgroups and regulate periosteal bone formation in response to mechanical loading. Macrophages, a subtype of myeloid-lineage cells, play a crucial role in this process by activating TGF-beta 1 to recruit osteoprogenitors.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Colorectal Cancer-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Tumor Immune Evasion by Upregulating PD-L1 Expression in Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Yuan Yin et al.

Summary: This study reveals that colorectal cancer cells can induce macrophage polarization and PD-L1 expression through the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), leading to suppressed CD8(+) T cell activity and increased tumor growth. The miR-21-5p and miR-200a derived from sEVs play key regulatory roles in this process. Inhibiting the secretion of specific sEV-miRNAs from CRC and targeting PD-L1 in TAMs may serve as novel methods for CRC treatment.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mouse Modeling Dissecting Macrophage-Breast Cancer Communication Uncovered Roles of PYK2 in Macrophage Recruitment and Breast Tumorigenesis

Anna-Katharina Mueller et al.

Summary: This study finds that macrophage infiltration in mammary tumors is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome. Ablation of the TYRO3 kinase PYK2 can reduce the number of infiltrating macrophages, inhibit tumor angiogenesis and growth, and modulate monocyte recruitment, macrophage polarization, and tumor angiogenesis. Targeting PYK2 may be an effective strategy to modulate the tumor microenvironment and sensitize breast cancer to immunotherapy.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Single Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies a Unique Inflammatory Macrophage Subset as a Druggable Target for Alleviating Acute Kidney Injury

Weijian Yao et al.

Summary: This study reveals the complementary roles of kidney resident macrophages (KRMs) and monocyte-derived infiltrated macrophages (IMs) in modulating tissue inflammation and promoting tissue repair in ischemia reperfusion injury induced acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI). S100a9(hi)Ly6c(hi) IMs are identified as early responders to AKI, mediating the initiation and amplification of kidney inflammation. Targeting S100a8/a9 signaling with small-molecule inhibitors demonstrates renal protective effects.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Comment on: The m6A Reader IGF2BP2 Regulates Macrophage Phenotypic Activation and Inflammatory Diseases by Stabilizing TSC1 and PPARγ

Hanna S. Schymik et al.

Summary: This study provides initial insights into the regulation and role of IMP2 in macrophage activation. Differences in the regulation of IMP2 between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages were observed.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Immunology

The Route of Vaccine Administration Determines Whether Blood Neutrophils Undergo Long-Term Phenotypic Modifications

Yanis Feraoun et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that different routes of immunization can lead to distinct innate cell responses, influencing the immune effects of vaccines. The vaccine per se is not enough to induce late phenotypic modifications of innate myeloid cells, emphasizing the importance of the route of administration in vaccination.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Review Oncology

Functional and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer

Yitong Li et al.

Summary: This article reviews the functional and therapeutic significance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). M1 macrophages suppress tumor growth while M2 macrophages promote CRC development. The polarization of TAMs is regulated by multiple pathways, and M2 polarization is controllable and reversible. Targeting TAMs may provide important therapeutic strategies for CRC.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Reactive oxygen species-based nanomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries

Tianjiao Zhao et al.

Summary: This article discusses the biology and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, and summarizes the application of ROS-based nanoparticles, highlighting the latest advances in nanotechnology research for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

BIOACTIVE MATERIALS (2022)

Article Biology

The Role of TLR2 in Infectious Diseases Caused by Mycobacteria: From Cell Biology to Therapeutic Target

Wanbin Hu et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the functions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in innate immunity and metabolism, and suggests future research directions.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2022)

Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Myeloid Piezo1 Deletion Protects Renal Fibrosis by Restraining Macrophage Infiltration and Activation

Yu He et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important role of Piezo1 in renal fibrosis, specifically in macrophages. The deletion of Piezo1 in macrophages can suppress macrophage inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeting Piezo1 channels through genetic or pharmacological manipulations may be a promising approach for treating renal fibrosis.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

Review Oncology

Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape

Qinghua Wu et al.

Summary: Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment weakens cytotoxic T cell function and promotes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby reducing tumor immunogenicity. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), especially HIF1A and HIF2A, play important roles in tumor immune escape through various mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to the development of targeted therapies for tumor treatment.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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IL-4 polarized human macrophage exosomes control cardiometabolic inflammation and diabetes in obesity

Tuan Anh Phu et al.

Summary: The study found that THP1-IL4-exo can polarize macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote insulin uptake and browning of adipose tissue through changes in energy metabolism and miRNA expression. Experimental results in obese mice showed that THP1-IL4-exo can reduce inflammation and improve metabolism, suggesting its potential for treating cardiometabolic diseases and diabetes.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2022)

Review Oncology

Clinical relevance of tumour-associated macrophages

Mikael J. Pittet et al.

Summary: The interaction of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) with cancer and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment enables and sustains most of the hallmarks of cancer. The authors of this Review examine the diversity of TAMs in various cancer indications, which is being revisited with the advent of single-cell technologies, and discuss the functional roles of different TAM states, the prognostic and predictive value of TAM-related signatures as well as approaches involving TAMs that are currently being or will soon be tested in clinical trials.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MicroRNA-22 represses glioma development via activation of macrophage-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses

Jiajie Tu et al.

Summary: This study explores the potential clinical value and molecular mechanisms of miRNA-22 in tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages and more efficient T cell priming. miR-22 upregulation enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages, inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration, and promotes antigen presentation and efficient T cell priming. The study also identifies HDAC6 as a target and NF-kappa B signaling as a pathway associated with miR-22 in tumor-associated macrophages of glioma.

ONCOGENE (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Long-Term Controlled Growth Factor Release Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly for the Development of In Vivo Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels

Febriyani F. R. Damanik et al.

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Cell Biology

MiR-690 treatment causes decreased fibrosis and steatosis and restores specific Kupffer cell functions in NASH

Hong Gao et al.

Summary: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a liver disease, is significantly associated with morbidity. Kupffer cells (KCs) produce endogenous miR-690 and transfer it to other liver cells via exosome secretion, leading to inhibition of fibrogenesis, inflammation, and de novo lipogenesis. Administration of an miR-690 mimic inhibits NASH phenotype features in mice. Lack of miR-690 in KCs and lower levels of miR-690 in NASH livers suggest its central role in NASH development. KC-specific knockout of miR-690 promotes NASH pathogenesis. miR-690 targets NADK mRNA, with NADK levels inversely proportional to cellular miR-690 content. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of miR-690 in treating NASH.

CELL METABOLISM (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Pentraxin 3 regulated by miR-224-5p modulates macrophage reprogramming and exacerbates osteoarthritis associated synovitis by targeting CD32

Jianbin Yin et al.

Summary: An imbalance in M1/M2 macrophage polarization plays a crucial role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is found to be highly expressed in OA M1-polarized macrophages and is involved in the occurrence and development of OA. PTX3 primarily affects OA through macrophages and the paracrine interaction between macrophages and chondrocytes produces a feedback loop that enhances synovitis and cartilage damage. This study identifies a functional pathway important to OA development and suggests that blocking this pathway and PTX3 may prevent and treat OA.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Macrophages Are a Double-Edged Sword: Molecular Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Stem Cells

Shahang Luo et al.

Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms of interaction between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and discusses potential therapeutic strategies. It is of great significance for understanding tumor progression and developing new treatment strategies.

BIOMOLECULES (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Tumor-associated macrophages are shaped by intratumoral high potassium via Kir2.1

Sheng Chen et al.

Summary: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique niche where constant communication within and between intratumoral cellular compartments occurs, with intratumoral high potassium (K+) having a suppressive effect on T cells. However, the impact of this ionic disturbance on innate immunity, as a pan-cancer characteristic associated with local necrosis, is unknown. In this study, the researchers discovered that intratumoral high K+ suppresses the anti-tumor capacity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir2.1 was identified as a central modulator of TAM functional polarization in high K+ TME, and its conditional depletion led to TAM repolarization towards an anti-tumor state, thereby enhancing local anti-tumor immunity. Kir2.1 deficiency disrupted electrochemically dependent glutamine uptake, causing TAM metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Blocking Kir2.1 attenuated both murine tumor and patient-derived xenograft growth. Overall, the findings suggest that Kir2.1 is a determinant and potential therapeutic target for restoring the anti-tumor capacity of TAMs within an ionic-imbalanced TME.

CELL METABOLISM (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Self-Renewal of Macrophages: Tumor-Released Factors and Signaling Pathways

Serena Filiberti et al.

Summary: Macrophages are abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, with crucial functions in cancer progression. Their plasticity and self-renewal ability are key factors in tumor development and therapy resistance. Additionally, macrophage metabolism and TAM proliferation are influenced by microenvironmental factors.

BIOMEDICINES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exosome-mediated genetic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by exoASO-STAT6 leads to potent monotherapy antitumor activity

Sushrut Kamerkar et al.

Summary: Researchers have developed an engineered exosome therapeutic candidate that selectively silences the expression of STAT6 gene in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This drug shows high efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing complete remissions in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma models. It also remodels the tumor microenvironment and triggers a specific immune response mediated by CD8 T cells.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

Article Immunology

Different Innate Immune Responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Strains following Corneal Transplantation

Tim Bleul et al.

Summary: The study investigated immunological differences and the role of CD38+/F4/80 + M1 macrophages in C57BL/6J and BALB/c recipient mouse corneal transplantation models. It was found that both strains of mice exhibited rejection of allogeneic corneal transplants, with more pronounced tissue alterations in C57BL/6J recipients. Following syngeneic transplantation, C57BL/6J recipients showed persistent graft swelling with increased numbers of CD38+/F4/80 + M1 macrophages in the grafted tissue, in contrast to BALB/c recipients. The results suggest that strain-dependent differences lead to different innate immune responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains, and careful consideration of both donor and recipient mouse lines is essential for murine keratoplasty experiments. C57BL/6J-recipient mice may be particularly suited for studying corneal graft rejection in high-risk clinical settings.

JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY (2021)

Review Genetics & Heredity

Increased immunosuppression impairs tissue homeostasis with aging and age-related diseases

Antero Salminen

Summary: 1. Low-grade inflammation is associated with aging and age-related diseases. 2. Persistent inflammation activates compensatory immunosuppression with aging. 3. The numbers of immunosuppressive cells increase with aging and age-related diseases. 4. Immunosuppressive mechanisms evoke harmful bystander effects in host tissues. 5. Immunosuppression promotes tissue degeneration with aging and age-related diseases.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Treating Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases with an siERN1-Nanoprodrug That Mediates Macrophage Polarization and Blocks Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Naibo Feng et al.

Summary: The study investigates the use of siRNA drugs targeting the ERN1 gene for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The developed nanodrug delivery system demonstrates efficient targeting and therapeutic effects in mouse models of arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

ACS NANO (2021)

Article Oncology

Oncolytic virotherapy-mediated anti-tumor response: a single-cell perspective

Egle Ramelyte et al.

Summary: The study found that intralesional T-VEC treatment in primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma patients led to significant tumor response, rapid eradication of malignant cells, activation of the interferon pathway, and early influx of various immune cells, ultimately resulting in enhanced cellular immunity.

CANCER CELL (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Baricitinib treatment resolves lower-airway macrophage inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques

Timothy N. Hoang et al.

Summary: The study found that in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, baricitinib did not reduce viral shedding, but did decrease inflammation and suppress the production of cytokines and chemokines, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment for COVID-19 inflammation.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The versatile biochemistry of iron in macrophage effector functions

Jacques Behmoaras

Summary: Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes with remarkable polarization ability that allow them to have tissue-specific functions during development, homeostasis, inflammatory and infectious disease. One particular trophic factor in the tissue environment is iron, which is intimately linked to macrophage effector functions. Haemoproteins, dioxygenases and iron-sulphur (Fe-S) enzymes are crucial iron-binding proteins that play essential roles in shaping the context-dependent macrophage polarization. Iron, as part of haem or Fe-S clusters, participates in regulating pro-inflammatory redox reactions and enzymatic cofactor functions, highlighting a coordinated regulation of haemoproteins and Fe-S enzymes during classical macrophage activation. Tryptophan and alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism are identified as two essential effector pathways in macrophages using diverse iron biochemistry at different enzymatic steps, showing how iron is involved in regulating essential metabolites to shape macrophage function.

FEBS JOURNAL (2021)

Article Oncology

S100 calcium-binding protein A9 from tumor-associated macrophage enhances cancer stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma

Ran Wei et al.

Summary: The study revealed that TAMs can enhance the stem cell-like properties of HCC cells by upregulating the secreted protein S100A9, which in turn activates the NF-kB signaling pathway. Additionally, S100A9 can promote the recruitment of macrophages to HCC cells, suggesting a positive feedback loop between TAMs and HCC cells.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Emerging Functions for snoRNAs and snoRNA-Derived Fragments

Maliha Wajahat et al.

Summary: The widespread use of mass sequencing has uncovered a diverse landscape of small RNAs derived from larger precursors, with stable fragments derived from non-coding RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and snoRNAs. Experimental evidence suggests that small non-coding RNAs have biological significance beyond miRNAs and piRNAs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Statins and Bempedoic Acid: Different Actions of Cholesterol Inhibitors on Macrophage Activation

Rebecca Linnenberger et al.

Summary: Statins have immunomodulatory effects on macrophage polarization, while bempedoic acid treatment does not exhibit similar impacts.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The inflammatory response induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in macrophages enhances apoptotic cell removal

Adriana Valeria Jager et al.

Summary: This study elucidated the modulation of macrophage efferocytic function during an inflammatory stimulus. The results showed that macrophages efficiently engulf bacterial pathogens and apoptotic cells, and their efferocytic capacity increased significantly after processing bacteria. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that bacterial processing enhanced the efferocytosis of macrophages through the IL-6 signaling pathway.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Biomaterial-supported MSC transplantation enhances cell-cell communication for spinal cord injury

Bin Lv et al.

Summary: The spinal cord connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system and peripheral tissues through neurons and various types of glial cells. Neurons in the spinal cord process sensory input and control movement. Neurodegenerative disorders and traumatic injuries affecting the spinal cord result in motor deficits and loss of sensory inputs.

STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Macrophage function in the elderly and impact on injury repair and cancer

L. Duong et al.

Summary: As individuals age, their health deteriorates, leading to an increased risk of diseases such as cancer. The process of immunosenescence is characterized by changes in immune function, including an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Macrophages, key inflammatory cells, play a significant role in aging processes, potentially impacting the severity of age-related diseases such as cancer and injury repair.

IMMUNITY & AGEING (2021)

Review Allergy

How to detect eosinophil ETosis (EETosis) and extracellular traps

Mineyo Fukuchi et al.

Summary: Eosinophils, although a small population, play multifunctional roles in homeostasis and diseases, including releasing eosinophil extracellular traps leading to cell death. Recent studies suggest a close association between EETosis and the classical pathological feature of eosinophilic inflammation, Charcot-Leyden crystals. While there is currently no gold standard for identifying EETosis, the release of cell contents may be a common feature.

ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Immunology

The Role of Macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Grace R. Pidwill et al.

Summary: Staphylococcus aureus, a member of human commensal microflora, can cause serious diseases by circumventing the innate immune system and establishing infections. Professional phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils play key roles in containing and resolving S. aureus infections, while the bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to survive, manipulate, and escape from macrophages. Understanding the interactions between macrophages and S. aureus may be beneficial for future therapeutic developments.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Origin, Polarization, Function, and Reprogramming

Sen Yang et al.

Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy that can only be cured by surgery in its early stages, but recurrence remains a high possibility. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in PDAC development, promoting tumor behaviors such as tumorigenesis and metastasis.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Metabolic reprogramming in macrophage responses

Yang Liu et al.

Summary: Macrophages are key regulators of tissue homeostasis, involved in tissue development, repair, and defense against pathogens. TAMs play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, impacting tumor initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. The metabolic characteristics of macrophages influence their phenotype and function, with pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages relying on glycolysis and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages more dependent on mitochondrial OXPHOS.

BIOMARKER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

PAR-1 signaling on macrophages is required for effective in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity responses

Hannah Wilkinson et al.

Summary: Research has shown that in chronic inflammation, the PAR-1 signal is crucial for granuloma formation, with this signal acting on macrophages through the activation of Thrombin. The results of the experiment indicate that Thrombin signaling significantly enhances macrophage sensitivity to IFN-γ, leading to enhanced cell polarization.

ISCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tailoring Materials for Modulation of Macrophage Fate

Jinhua Li et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the design strategies and principles of immunomodulatory biomaterials to regulate macrophage fate, as well as their potential applications in various immunengineering fields. The tunability of material designs, including physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic cues, plays a crucial role in modulating macrophage immune response. The selected immunoengineering applications demonstrate how macrophage-immunomodulating biomaterials are being utilized for cancer immunotherapy, infection immunotherapy, tissue regeneration, inflammation resolution, and vaccination.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A role of PIEZO1 in iron metabolism in mice and humans

Shang Ma et al.

Summary: Iron overload can cause progressive organ damage and is associated with genetic factors affecting iron homeostasis. Certain individuals with hereditary disorders may develop iron overload, and some GOF PIEZO1 alleles are linked to iron imbalance. The study demonstrates the key role of PIEZO1 in macrophage phagocytic activity and iron metabolism, with a particular GOF PIEZO1 allele showing a strong association with increased plasma iron levels in individuals of African descent.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy

Galina F. Medvedeva et al.

Summary: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment, and their function is closely related to transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-kappa B, IRF, which affect tumor adaptation and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, serving as important biomarkers for theranostics.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-throughput phenotypic screen and transcriptional analysis identify new compounds and targets for macrophage reprogramming

Guangan Hu et al.

Summary: Macrophages exhibit plasticity and can polarize into various phenotypes in response to different stimuli. Through high-throughput screening of a library of around 4000 compounds, researchers identified compounds that can activate human macrophages towards specific polarization states, with some capable of reprogramming macrophages between different states. Transcriptional analysis helped uncover the pathways and targets through which these compounds modulate macrophage activation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CAR-T cell-mediated depletion of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages promotes endogenous antitumor immunity and augments adoptive immunotherapy

Alba Rodriguez-Garcia et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that targeting FR beta-expressing TAMs with CAR-T cells can enhance antitumor immune responses and improve the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in pre-clinical models.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

The State of the Art and Prospects for Osteoimmunomodulatory Biomaterials

Andreea-Mariana Negrescu et al.

Summary: The immune system and bone-forming cells have been found to be closely connected through various signaling molecules and receptors, affecting the host immune reaction triggered by biomaterial implantation. The traditional inert biomaterial design for stimulating osteogenesis has shifted towards implants with osteoimmunomodulatory properties to trigger a desired immune response for proper bone regeneration. Various approaches, such as modifying chemical/structural characteristics or incorporating bioactive molecules, have been employed to modulate the crosstalk with immune cells in orthopedic biomaterials.

MATERIALS (2021)

Review Immunology

The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Opportunities for Autophagy Inducing Nanomedicines for Tuberculosis Therapy

Retsepile E. Maphasa et al.

Summary: This review focuses on macrophage responses to Mtb infection, particularly the mechanistic aspects of autophagy and how intracellular Mtb evades autophagy. The relationship between autophagy and apoptosis is also discussed, along with known autophagy inducing compounds for Mtb infection. The use of nanoparticles to induce autophagy is explored as a potential avenue for further research into nanomedicine HDTs for TB therapy.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Cell Biology

TCF4 enhances hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating tumor-associated macrophage via CCL2/CCR2 signaling

Wei Tu et al.

Summary: Colorectal cancer liver metastasis is a significant clinical problem, and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and M2 polarization are closely associated with elevated TCF4 expression in the metastatic site. TCF4 deficiency reduces TAM infiltration and M2 polarization, mediated by the regulated CCL2 and CCR2 expression. These findings suggest that the TCF4-CCL2-CCR2 axis plays a crucial role in CRC liver metastasis by enhancing TAMs recruitment and M2 polarization.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emerging technologies and infection models in cellular microbiology

Ana Teresa Lopez-Jimenez et al.

Summary: Cellular microbiology, a field that studies intracellular pathogens and their manipulation of host cells, has seen recent advances in technologies and infection models that are driving the development of new strategies for combating infections and improving human health. A focus on microscopy, robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced imaging techniques has led to a deeper understanding of the host-pathogen interface and the infection process within cells, offering promising opportunities for future medical advancements.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Immunology

Cytokine Signature Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Mouse Model

Tingxuan Gu et al.

Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in COVID-19 and explores potential therapeutic options. TNF-α and IL-6 are suggested to play a role in the occurrence of CSS. The use of certain monoclonal antibodies and inhibitors shows promise in alleviating symptoms of CSS.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Modulation of Immune Responses by Particle Size and Shape

Maksim V. Baranov et al.

Summary: The size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness of pathogens are important parameters affecting cellular uptake and immune responses, particularly in inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles influence immune responses can assist in the design of more effective vaccines.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

TAM Receptor Inhibition-Implications for Cancer and the Immune System

Pia Aehnlich et al.

Summary: TAM receptors are crucial in the digestion of dying cells by macrophages and in balancing immune responses. Inhibition of TAM signaling in cancer cells shows promise as a therapeutic target, but may also compromise anticancer immune responses due to conflicting roles of TAM signaling in innate cells and T cells.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Dynamic Inflammatory Tissue Microenvironment: Signality and Disease Therapy by Biomaterials

Rani Mata et al.

Summary: Tissue regeneration involves a dynamic inflammatory microenvironment, where inflammation plays a crucial role in immune system and tissue repair under normal conditions but can cause diseases if dysregulated. Understanding inflammatory responses and cellular metabolisms can facilitate advancements in therapeutic methods.

RESEARCH (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Roles of Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Gut Inflammation

Xuebing Han et al.

Summary: Macrophages in the intestinal tract play a crucial role in maintaining microbial homeostasis and renewing intestinal epithelial cells, as well as participating in the development of intestinal inflammation. Understanding their functions and roles in inflammatory responses will be crucial for advancing treatments of intestinal inflammatory diseases.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Targeting Innate Immunity in Cancer Therapy

Srikrishnan Rameshbabu et al.

Summary: The majority of cancer immunotherapy strategies focus on enhancing antitumor adaptive immune responses, but the efficacy is limited to a small fraction of patients within certain tumor types. Novel approaches to activate innate immunity within the tumor microenvironment to improve antitumor immune responses have emerged, as well as rational combination strategies to activate both innate and adaptive immunity for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

VACCINES (2021)

Review Oncology

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

Bing Dong et al.

Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, with their generation believed to be driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be key players in this process, and regulating miRNAs associated with EMT or CSCs may help overcome drug resistance.

EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Immunomodulatory Scaffolds Derived from Lymph Node Extracellular Matrices

Yi Sun Choi et al.

Summary: Lymph node extracellular matrix (LNEM) can mimic lymph node microenvironments and enhance immunomodulatory effects, promoting M2 macrophage polarization and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In a 3D LNEM environment, macrophage phagocytic function is improved, showing potential for drug testing and tissue healing applications. LNEM hydrogel implantation facilitates macrophage recruitment and polarization towards M2 phenotype for tissue healing, indicating the utility of 3D immune system-mimicking biomaterials in tissue modeling and regenerative medicine.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Macrophage phenotypes in tissue repair and the foreign body response: Implications for biomaterial-based regenerative medicine strategies

Karen E. Martin et al.

Summary: Macrophages are crucial for tissue repair and regenerative medicine, with recent studies indicating the importance of both M1 and M2 phenotypes. Technological advancements like single-cell RNA sequencing provide insights into macrophage heterogeneity, aiding in the rational design of biomaterials. Understanding the diverse roles of macrophages in tissue repair processes is essential for improving biomaterial-tissue integration and regeneration.

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA (2021)

Article Biology

Phagocytic 'teeth' and myosin-II 'jaw' power target constriction during phagocytosis

Daan Vorselen et al.

Summary: The study reveals that during macrophage phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets, there is a prominent constriction driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and target ingestion. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release suggest that constriction may play a critical role in resolving complex in vivo target encounters.
Article Immunology

Mutant glucocorticoid receptor binding elements on the interleukin-6 promoter regulate dexamethasone effects

Wen-Teng Chang et al.

Summary: The study identified multiple transcription factor binding sites on the IL-6 promoter, with dexamethasone reducing LPS-induced IL-6 production. The second GR binding site was found to play a crucial role in inflammation induced by LPS.

BMC IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Tumor-associated macrophage-derived CCL5 promotes chemotherapy resistance and metastasis in prostatic cancer

Jian Ma et al.

Summary: The interaction between tumor microenvironment and cancer cells plays a crucial role in tumor progression. In this study, it was found that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) enriched in chemoresistant prostatic tumor tissues can promote chemoresistance and distant metastasis through secretion of CCL5. Mechanistically, TAMs and CCL5 mediate STAT3-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, resulting in distant metastasis and drug resistance in prostatic cancer.

CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Genetics & Heredity

Sirtuins as Metabolic Regulators of Immune Cells Phenotype and Function

Lidia Fortuny et al.

Summary: Cellular metabolism plays a crucial role in controlling various physiological processes besides converting nutrients into energy and biomass. Specific metabolic pathways are associated with different immune cell types, affecting their differentiation, proliferation, and effector functions, which in turn shape the immune response against pathogens and tumors. Mammalian sirtuins have been identified as important regulators of cellular metabolism, immune cell function, and cancer.
Review Immunology

Neuroinflammatory Triangle Presenting Novel Pharmacological Targets for Ischemic Brain Injury

Zaib A. Shaheryar et al.

Summary: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, but there is currently no definitive and effective treatment. Various treatment options have been proposed, but targeting the intricate intracellular signaling pathways of the 'neuroinflammatory triangle' may be more pragmatic in limiting post-stroke damage and disabilities.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis?

Patrick Haubruck et al.

Summary: Synovial joints are complex structures in the human body that are susceptible to inflammatory responses and increased risk of osteoarthritis following injury. Macrophages play a crucial role in healthy joints, working in coordination with synovial fibroblasts to maintain joint functionality. Perturbations in cellular interactions, particularly induced by joint injury, can contribute to osteoarthritis pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of understanding these mechanisms for potential therapeutic interventions.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review

Ali Ataya et al.

Summary: The article reviews the role of GM-CSF in aPAP pathogenesis and pulmonary homeostasis, as well as the increased incidence of infections.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Th17 Cells Provide Mucosal Protection against Gastric Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Catherine W. Cai et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that Th17 cells and IL-17A play important roles in immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi infection, particularly in the mucosa where the parasite initially invades. These cells induce NADPH oxidase activity to provide protection against mucosal T. cruzi infection.

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY (2021)

Review Oncology

Interaction of Opioids with TLR4-Mechanisms and Ramifications

Mai Mahmoud Gabr et al.

Summary: Recent evidence suggests that opioids can interact with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on innate immune and cancer cells, potentially influencing tumor growth and metastasis. Opioids have been shown to weakly activate TLR4 and can inhibit its activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The interaction of opioids with TLR4 is complex, involving non-competitive mechanisms and downstream effects on NF-kappa B activation.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Macrophage Reprogramming and Cancer Therapeutics: Role of iNOS-Derived NO

Khosrow Kashfi et al.

Summary: Nitric oxide production by iNOS plays a critical role in tumor promotion or suppression through influencing macrophage polarization. Manipulating macrophage plasticity to enhance tumoricidal defenses is a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Regulatory pathways and immunomodulation targeting macrophage polarization may inhibit the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Review Engineering, Biomedical

Promoting musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration by biomaterial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization

Jinchun Ye et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that active modulation of immune cells, particularly macrophages, via biomaterials is an effective way to control immune response, promote tissue regeneration, and facilitate biomaterial integration.

BIOACTIVE MATERIALS (2021)

Review Oncology

Landscape of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell in Tumor Immunotherapy

Zhaonian Hao et al.

Summary: MDSC play vital roles in cancer microenvironment, influencing the responses to immunotherapies and prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, proposing MDSC-inhibiting strategies becomes crucial in the field of cancer immunotherapies.

BIOMARKER RESEARCH (2021)

Review Oncology

Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies

Shangli Zhu et al.

Summary: Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that can be classified into M1- and M2-like phenotypes, with M2-like macrophages playing a critical role in tumor microenvironment. They contribute to tumor progression by promoting tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression.

EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The lncRNA Caren antagonizes heart failure by inactivating DNA damage response and activating mitochondrial biogenesis

Michio Sato et al.

Summary: The cytoplasmic lncRNA Caren decreases translation of a distant gene encoding Hint1, maintaining cardiomyocyte function and protecting cardiac function under pathological stress by inactivating the DNA damage response and activating mitochondrial bioenergetics.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Oncology

Chemotherapy Induces Tumor-Associated Macrophages that Aid Adaptive Immune Responses in Ovarian Cancer

Owen Heath et al.

Summary: The study suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy may shift the TAM population in HGSOC towards an anti-tumor phenotype that could benefit adaptive immune responses. Therapies aimed at enhancing or sustaining this phenotype during remission may help delay relapse.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Tumor-Associated Macrophage Promotes the Survival of Cancer Cells upon Docetaxel Chemotherapy via the CSF1/CSF1R-CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Wei Guan et al.

Summary: The study found that TAM activates CXCR4 by increasing secreted CXCL12, enhancing the survival of cancer cells and elucidating the mechanism of TAM in chemotherapy. This finding may aid in the development of new drugs to overcome immune tolerance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Review Immunology

Mechanisms of Macrophage Plasticity in the Tumor Environment: Manipulating Activation State to Improve Outcomes

Tiffany Davia Ricketts et al.

Summary: This article discusses the roles of macrophages in tumors, with tumors exploiting macrophage characteristics to promote tumor growth. By preventing macrophages from adopting a pro-tumor phenotype or reprogramming them to a pro-inflammatory state, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanocomplex-Mediated In Vivo Programming to Chimeric Antigen Receptor-M1 Macrophages for Cancer Therapy

Mikyung Kang et al.

Summary: The study proposes a simple method to transform macrophages that can naturally infiltrate solid tumors into CAR-M1 macrophages with enhanced cancer-directed phagocytosis and anti-tumor activity. Injected nanocomplexes of macrophage-targeting nanocarriers and CAR-interferon-gamma-encoding plasmid DNA induce CAR-M1 macrophages capable of CAR-mediated cancer phagocytosis, tumor immunomodulation, and inhibiting solid tumor growth, providing an effective off-the-shelf CAR-macrophage therapy for solid tumors without the need for complex and costly ex vivo CAR-cell manufacturing processes.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Research progress on Toll-like receptor signal transduction and its roles in antimicrobial immune responses

Pengpeng Xia et al.

Summary: This paper summarizes the specificity of TLRs in recognizing microbial components, discusses their role in regulating immune responses, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy using TLRs to combat microbial infections.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response

Sabine A. Eming et al.

Summary: Macrophages play a central role in wound healing, with inflammatory macrophages responding to initial wound stimuli and alternatively activated macrophages essential for wound closure. Metabolic changes in macrophages have significant effects on their functional states, and the metabolic interplay between macrophages and fibroblasts is crucial for wound healing.

CELL METABOLISM (2021)

Review Rheumatology

Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: recent insights and therapeutic implications

Alain Lescoat et al.

Summary: Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), showing increased monocyte adhesion and the presence of new macrophage subpopulations. Impaired pro-resolving capacities of macrophages may also contribute to the inflammatory and autoimmune features of SSc, making macrophages a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Investigative drugs targeting macrophage polarization have shown promising results in preclinical models and clinical trials, suggesting a potential novel approach for the treatment of SSc and other fibro-inflammatory disorders.

CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment

Ava J. Boutilier et al.

Summary: The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm is crucial in tumor progression, where M1 macrophages have anti-tumor effects and M2 macrophages contribute to tumor development through various mechanisms. The tumor microenvironment plays a role in influencing macrophage polarization and activation, which is essential for understanding the pro-tumor effects of tumor-associated macrophages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies

Maaike Suuring et al.

Summary: Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy, focusing on generating tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory macrophages (Mregs), has shown great potential in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. These cells are produced ex vivo using various differentiation signals and stimuli, with studies in animals and humans leading to clinical trials for therapeutic applications.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

PPAR control of metabolism and cardiovascular functions

David Montaigne et al.

Summary: Novel PPAR agonists offer new opportunities for managing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases by regulating gene expression, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and cardiovascular health. Activation of PPARs by specific ligands can have antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic benefits, making them important therapeutic targets in the treatment of various diseases.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Phenolic Compounds of Red Wine Aglianico del Vulture Modulate the Functional Activity of Macrophages via Inhibition of NF-κB and the Citrate Pathway

Anna Santarsiero et al.

Summary: Phenolic compounds in red wine powder show potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing proinflammatory cytokines secretion, restoring Annexin A1 levels, lowering NF-kappa B activity, and regulating metabolic genes involved in the citrate pathway, ultimately leading to suppression of inflammatory pathways and activation of proresolutive processes in macrophages.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2021)

Article Virology

The Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 Are Upregulated Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in an AKT-Dependent Manner

Victoria Callahan et al.

Summary: The study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an inflammatory state in human lung epithelial cells with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Inhibition of the AKT pathway may reduce the induction of these chemokines, potentially providing specific targets for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis associated with hyperinflammation.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TLR4 signalling via Piezo1 engages and enhances the macrophage mediated host response during bacterial infection

Jing Geng et al.

Summary: TLR4 signaling enhances macrophage bactericidal activity through the mechanical sensor Piezo1, with mechanical sensing signals playing a critical role in the innate immune response. The assembly of Piezo1 and TLR4 complex triggers the remodeling of F-actin organization to augment phagocytosis and bacterial clearance, providing insights into macrophage mechanophysiology and host response coordination.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Terminal uridyltransferase 7 regulates TLR4-triggered inflammation by controlling Regnase-1 mRNA uridylation and degradation

Chia-Ching Lin et al.

Summary: TUT7 is induced upon TLR4 activation in macrophages and plays a key role in sculpting inflammatory responses by modulating mRNA stability of selected inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing

Hamza Atcha et al.

Summary: Studies reveal that Piezo1 serves as a mechanosensor of stiffness in macrophages, influencing their polarization responses.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Immunology

The Macrophage Response Is Driven by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming

Noymar Luque-Campos et al.

Summary: MSCs, multipotent adult stromal cells, are widely studied for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, capable of modulating macrophage plasticity and function. Metabolic changes can also affect macrophage fate and function, prompting phenotype change in response to environmental cues. Understanding the crosstalk between macrophages and MSCs can improve therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases, cancer, and tissue repair processes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

The Role of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Manikuntala Kundu et al.

Summary: Non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, play crucial roles in the host immune response to tuberculosis infection, regulating host defense mechanisms and impacting the outcome of infection. miRNAs are involved in regulating host signaling pathways linked to inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and macrophage polarization upon infection with M. tuberculosis, while lncRNAs interact with chromatin remodelers, regulate gene expression, and function as miRNA sponges.Targeting miRNAs is an emerging option for host-directed therapies, and understanding the role of non-coding RNAs is essential for the development of RNA-based thera

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Identifying Immune Cell Infiltration and Effective Diagnostic Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Bioinformatics Analysis

Sheng Zhou et al.

Summary: Through bioinformatics analysis, CCL5, CXCR4, GZMA, and CD8A were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for RA and their association with different immune cells was determined. Particularly, GZMA-Tfh cells may play a role in the early pathogenesis of RA.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Jie Huang et al.

Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic poly-articular chronic autoimmune joint disease that affects a significant portion of the global population. While progress has been made with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, there is still a need for new therapeutic targets and approaches for some patients with limited response to existing treatments.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

Macrophages: The Good, the Bad, and the Gluttony

Ewan R. A. Ross et al.

Summary: Macrophages play critical roles in sterile inflammation and autoimmune diseases, particularly in the pathophysiology of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Imbalance in macrophage homeostasis contributes to chronic inflammation, and therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage plasticity are being explored. Apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles may play a role in regulating macrophage phenotype and are a potential target for new therapeutic approaches.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Systems-Level Proteomics Evaluation of Microglia Response to Tumor-Supportive Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Shreya Ahuja et al.

Summary: The study investigated the tumor-supportive biological processes activated in microglia cells in response to anti-inflammatory cytokines released from cancer cells using mass spectrometry and proteomic technologies. The results showed that stimulation with anti-inflammatory cytokines led to the activation of tumor-promoting biological processes in microglia cells.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance macrophage killing of bacterial pathogens

Andrew J. Monteith et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that S100A9-deficient neutrophils display increased levels of suicidal NETosis in response to extracellular pathogens, leading to enhanced antibacterial activity by promoting macrophage killing and transferring antimicrobial peptides.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies

Suncica Kapor et al.

Summary: This review discusses the main features of MDSCs and MSCs in myeloid malignancies, revealing that MDSCs are elevated in numbers and exhibit strong immunosuppressive capabilities, while MSCs not only have immunosuppressive properties but also regulate the growth, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of myeloid leukemia cells.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

Epigenomic and Metabolomic Integration Reveals Dynamic Metabolic Regulation in Bladder Cancer

Alba Loras et al.

Summary: Current diagnostic and follow-up methods for bladder cancer have limitations and there is a need for non-invasive biomarkers. Personalized treatments can improve patient quality of life and overall survival. The interplay between epigenetics and metabolism is closely linked to tumor phenotype, providing valuable insights for researchers and clinical decision-making in the field of bladder cancer.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Oncology

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic Opportunities and Clinical Challenges

Ashleigh R. Poh et al.

Summary: Macrophages play a crucial role in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and are associated with poor patient survival. Pre-clinical studies have shown the diverse contributions of macrophages in PDAC development, however, the effectiveness of macrophage-targeting therapies in clinical trials is inconsistent.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Nanoparticles to Target and Treat Macrophages: The Ockham's Concept?

Mireia Medrano-Bosch et al.

Summary: Nanoparticles, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, have gained attention in technological advances. Challenges remain in the administration of nanoparticles to living beings due to rapid detection and clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system. Current research is focused on designing nanoparticles for specific targeting of macrophages in diseased tissues.

PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Tumor Associated Macrophages, as the Dominant Immune Cells, Are an Indispensable Target for Immunologically Cold Tumor-Glioma Therapy?

Ni Tong et al.

Summary: TAMs play a crucial role in the progression of glioma, and treatment strategies targeting TAMs include inhibiting recruitment, reducing viability, and altering phenotype. Research progress has shown the potential effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy targeting TAMs.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Microbiology

The Role of Macrophages in the Host's Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Estela Ruiz-Baca et al.

Summary: The role of immune cells in sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not fully understood. Macrophages recognize PAMPs of Sporothrix through PRRs and control infection by engulfing, activating respiratory burst, and secreting biological mediators. Characteristics of S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization and immune response.

PATHOGENS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pancreatic cancer cells render tumor-associated macrophages metabolically reprogrammed by a GARP and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism

Mengwen Zhang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumor cells induce DNA methylation and downregulation of glucose metabolism genes selectively in M1-like macrophages, leading to their phenotypic reprogramming into M2-like macrophages. This process is mediated by GARP and integrin alpha V/beta 8 and results in the acquisition of pro-cancerous capabilities by M1-like macrophages through Il-10 activation. The research suggests that PDA cells can reprogram M1-like macrophages metabolically and functionally through DNA methylation to adopt a pro-cancerous fate.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention

Huakan Zhao et al.

Summary: Inflammation plays a crucial role in cancer development and therapy, either promoting or inhibiting tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Various signaling pathways and factors have been identified as pivotal regulators of inflammation initiation and resolution.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy

Zhaojun Duan et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy is considered the most promising treatment for cancers, with various strategies such as adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small-molecule inhibitors showing success. The review highlights the role of macrophages in current immunotherapies and the potential benefits of targeting them, suggesting that therapeutic strategies involving macrophages have the potential to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to synergize tumor immunotherapy

Xiaonan Xiang et al.

Summary: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a significant role in tumor immunotherapies, with potential therapeutic value in enhancing treatment outcomes.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

Review Oncology

Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer

Chunxiao Li et al.

Summary: Macrophages play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, where they can be polarized into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The abundance of TAMs in tumors is closely linked with poor prognosis, leading to investigations into therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs. These strategies include inhibiting macrophage recruitment to tumors, repolarizing TAMs towards an anti-tumor phenotype, and inducing macrophage-mediated destruction of cancer cells. As tumor immunotherapy gains more importance, new anti-tumor strategies focusing on TAMs are being discussed.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Review Immunology

Macrophage metabolic reprogramming during chronic lung disease

Patricia P. Ogger et al.

Summary: Airway macrophages are critical sentinels of lung homoeostasis and adapt their metabolic profile to fit their local niche during chronic lung diseases, using metabolic reprogramming for both host defence and potentially supporting chronic pathology. This understanding may lead to the development of AM-focused therapies.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Rheumatology

Differential Responsiveness of Monocyte and Macrophage Subsets to Interferon

Shuhong Han et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Epigenetic regulation of macrophages: from homeostasis maintenance to host defense

Siyuan Chen et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

CCL8 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes invasion and stemness of glioblastoma cells via ERK1/2 signaling

Xiang Zhang et al.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION (2020)

Review Cell Biology

Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy

Eva M. Palsson-McDermott et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Quantitative Proteome Responses to Oncolytic Reovirus in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-Differentiated Bone Marrow-Derived Cells

Michael A. Giacomantonio et al.

JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH (2020)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Alternatively activated macrophages; a double-edged sword in allergic asthma

Mohamed Hamed Abdelaziz et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease

Inmaculada Martinez-Reyes et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nitric oxide orchestrates metabolic rewiring in M1 macrophages by targeting aconitase 2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase

Erika M. Palmieri et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The interplay of signaling pathway in endothelial cells-matrix stiffness dependency with targeted-therapeutic drugs

Vicki Vania et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE (2020)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Intracellular and Intercellular Aspects of Macrophage Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis

Ira Tabas et al.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ze Chen et al.

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Regulation of cGAS-Mediated Immune Responses and Immunotherapy

Abdullah F. U. H. Saeed et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2020)

Review Immunology

The Interplay Between Tissue Niche and Macrophage Cellular Metabolism in Obesity

Sabine Daemen et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modulators of MicroRNA Function in the Immune System

Yunhui Jia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Kr?ppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) suppresses NF-?B?driven inflammation in mice

Alexander J. Knights et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Transcription factor c-Maf is a checkpoint that programs macrophages in lung cancer

Min Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

A platform for studying the transfer of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection between respiratory epithelium and phagocytes

Maarit Kortesoja et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS (2020)

Review Cell Biology

In vivo evidence for extracellular DNA trap formation

Shida Yousefi et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2020)

Review Microbiology

Salmonella Interacts With Autophagy to Offense or Defense

Shu Wu et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Myeloid Cell-Derived Arginase in Cancer Immune Response

Tomasz M. Grzywa et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

The Tumor Microenvironment: A Milieu Hindering and Obstructing Antitumor Immune Responses

Alireza Labani-Motlagh et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

General Adaptation in Critical Illness: Glucocorticoid Receptor-alpha Master Regulator of Homeostatic Corrections

Gianfranco Umberto Meduri et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy

Michael Klichinsky et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death

Matthias Laesche et al.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Respiratory System

Alveolar Macrophage Phenotype and Compartmentalization Drive Different Pulmonary Changes in Mouse Strains Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Giovanna De Cunto et al.

COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2020)

Review Physiology

The Role of Danger Associated Molecular Patterns in Human Fetal Membrane Weakening

Justin G. Padron et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Engineering Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy and Drug Delivery

Yuqiong Xia et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Distinct synovial tissue macrophage subsets regulate inflammation and remission in rheumatoid arthritis

Stefano Alivernini et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Review Immunology

Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses

Renata Ramalho et al.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY (2020)

Review Neurosciences

Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes

Agnieszka M. Jurga et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

Review Immunology

Emerging Evasion Mechanisms of Macrophage Defenses by Pathogenic Bacteria

Clarisse Leseigneur et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Immune Evasion and Potential Therapeutic Approaches

Katherine Klein et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Interplay Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy

Monika Biasizzo et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nitric Oxide in Macrophage Immunometabolism: Hiding in Plain Sight

Erika M. Palmieri et al.

METABOLITES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Targeting a scavenger receptor on tumor-associated macrophages activates tumor cell killing by natural killer cells

Silke Eisinger et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Senescent cells and macrophages: key players for regeneration?

Sonia S. Elder et al.

OPEN BIOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

Macrophages in Organ Transplantation

Farideh Ordikhani et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

CD44 as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target

Hanxiao Xu et al.

EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

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