Combined tactic of seasonal changes and ionic processes of groundwater in Tamirabarani river basin, India

This research is to develop dictated metrics using a multi-proxy approach such as spatial-temporal analysis, statistical evaluation, and hydrogeochemical analysis. We have collected 45 groundwater samples located in the Tamirabarani river basin. To evaluate the aptness of developed metrics for agriculture and domestic needs and eleven years dataset has been analyzed and compared with national and international standards BIS, ICMAR, and WHO Monitoring and all the analysis results revealed that the concentration of calcium (Ca-1679 to 4937 mg/L; and Cl ions 236 to 1126 mg/L) and chloride ions was on the higher side in locations. These higher values may be attributed to the regional point sources as untreated water disposal and off-peak sources as agriculture practices. According to the results of the principal component analysis, the post-monsoon season accounted for an 84.2% variance. The major analyzed cations and anions have been observed in the following order: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > NO3- respectively. Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-Cl, Na-C1, and infused waters have been discovered in the basin region, indicating that anion and cation dominance is not prevalent. This specifies that groundwater quality in this region is significantly degraded and suffers from extensive salinity due to the urban pollutants mixed with unprotected river sites.

Automated summary

This research develops metrics for groundwater quality assessment using a multi-proxy approach. The study collected and analyzed groundwater samples from Tamirabarani river basin, comparing them with national and international standards. The results show higher concentrations of calcium and chloride ions, possibly due to regional point sources and agricultural practices. Principal component analysis indicates that the post-monsoon season explains a significant proportion of the variance. The dominance of certain anions and cations suggests significant degradation of groundwater quality in the region, resulting from urban pollutants and unprotected river sites.