Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity by a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist adjuvant

Summary: Our study suggested that red fluorescence could be observed 2-8 hours after the oral administration of 5-ALA in the carcinogen-induced bladder tumor rat model, with PpIX levels reaching a peak at 2 hours and remaining stable for 2-8 hours. In bladder cancer cell lines, the peak fluorescence intensity of PpIX was observed 3-4 hours after 5-ALA administration, with PpIX accumulation lasting for 4 hours in UMUC3 cells. It was less visible 3 hours after 5-ALA removal in MGHU3 and T24 cells. These findings indicate that ALA-assisted PDD may be effective in detecting non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer 2-8 hours after administration of 5-ALA.