Direct Electron Transfer of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase on Positively Charged Polyethyleneimine Gold Nanoparticles

Efficient conjugation between biomolecules and electrode materials is one of the main challenges in the field of biosensors. Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a monomeric enzyme, which consists of two separate domains: one catalytic dehydrogenase domain (DHCDH) carrying strongly bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the active site and a cytochrome domain (CYTCDH) carrying a b-type heme connected by a flexible linker region. Herein, we report on the development of a lactose biosensor, based on direct electron transfer (DET) from CDH from Phanerochaete sordida (PsCDH) electrostatically attached onto polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles (PEI@AuNPs) used to cover a conventional polycrystalline solid gold disk electrode. PEI@AuNPs were synthesized in aqueous solution using PEI as reducing agent for Au-III and as stabilizer for the nanoparticles. The heterogeneous electron-transfer (ET) rate (k(s)) for the redox reaction of immobilized PsCDH at the modified electrodes was calculated based on the Laviron theory and was found to be (39.6 +/- 2.5) s(-1). The proposed lactose biosensor exhibits good long term stability as well as high and reproducible sensitivity to lactose with a response time less than 5 s and a linear range from 1 to 100 mu m.