4.5 Review

Magnesium reabsorption in the kidney

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Summary: This study identifies TRPM7 as a potential candidate gene for hereditary HSH, and the mutations in TRPM7 gene result in impaired magnesium transport, leading to hypomagnesaemia and secondary hypocalcaemia.

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Claudin-10a Deficiency Shifts Proximal Tubular Cl- Permeability to Cation Selectivity via Claudin-2 Redistribution

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SLC41A1 knockout mice display normal magnesium homeostasis

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Summary: SLC41A1 does not play a role in the regulation of systemic Mg2+ homeostasis in mice, and it does not compensate for the loss of SLC41A3.

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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Management of Refractory Hypomagnesemia Without Overt Urinary Magnesium Wasting: A Report of 2 Cases

Chintan Shah et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to improve serum magnesium levels in patients with refractory hypomagnesemia, even without significant urinary magnesium wasting, suggesting a potential role in altering magnesium homeostasis.

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Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jingjing Zhang et al.

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increase serum levels of magnesium and phosphate, consistent with a class effect of SGLT2 inhibition. However, further investigations are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety in patients with T2D with different clinical phenotypes.

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Mechanisms coupling sodium and magnesium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney

Gijs A. C. Franken et al.

Summary: This study describes three potential mechanisms by which Mg(2+)reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule is linked to Na(+)reabsorption in patients with Na(+)wasting disorders. These mechanisms involve decreased NCC activity, common regulatory pathways of TRPM6 and NCC, and the impact of basolateral membrane potential on Na(+)and Mg(2+)extrusion. Advanced experimental models are needed to further study these molecular mechanisms.

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FAM111A induces nuclear dysfunction in disease and viral restriction

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Mouse Genome Database (MGD): Knowledgebase for mouse-human comparative biology

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Deletion of the transcription factor Prox-1 specifically in the renal distal convoluted tubule causes hypomagnesemia via reduced expression of TRPM6 and NCC

Christina Schnoz et al.

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Summary: The study reveals that deficiency of KCTD1 leads to dysregulation of magnesium and calcium homeostasis, resulting in hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia, subsequently causing secondary hyperparathyroidism and progressive metabolic bone disease. This is driven by the reduced expression of key transport proteins in the kidneys, impacting urinary reabsorption of magnesium and calcium.

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mTOR-Activating Mutations in RRAGD Are Causative for Kidney Tubulopathy and Cardiomyopathy

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Summary: Advances in genetic techniques have led to the identification of rare hereditary disorders of renal magnesium and salt handling over the last decade. A novel disease known as autosomal dominant kidney hypomagnesemia (ADKH-RRAGD) has been established, which combines an electrolyte-losing tubulopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Variants in the RRAGD gene were found to lead to an activation of mTOR signaling, indicating the critical role of Rag GTPase D in renal electrolyte handling and cardiac function.

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Specific disruption of calcineurin-signaling in the distal convoluted tubule impacts the transcriptome and proteome, and causes hypomagnesemia and metabolic acidosis

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Magnesium accumulation upon cyclin M4 silencing activates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein improving NASH

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Targeted Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Minority Cell Types of Kidney Distal Nephron

Lihe Chen et al.

Summary: Single-cell transcriptomics analysis revealed unexpected diversity among the cells of the distal nephron in mice, identifying differences between DCT1 and DCT2 cells, as well as subtypes of CTAL cells.

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Claudin-2 and claudin-12 form independent, complementary pores required to maintain calcium homeostasis

Megan R. Beggs et al.

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CNNM proteins selectively bind to the TRPM7 channel to stimulate divalent cation entry into cells

Zhiyong Bai et al.

Summary: Members of the CNNM family selectively bind to the TRPM7 channel to stimulate divalent cation entry into cells. They also possess separate TRPM7-independent Mg2+ efflux activities that contribute to the control of cellular Mg2+ homeostasis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which CNNMs regulate cellular magnesium levels.

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The molecular appearance of native TRPM7 channel complexes identified by high-resolution proteomics

Astrid Kollewe et al.

Summary: TRPM7 is a membrane protein that plays a fundamental role in cellular uptake of divalent cations. The formation of high-molecular-weight complexes with CNNM1-4 and ARL15 impacts TRPM7 activity and opens new avenues towards understanding the cellular regulation and function of TRPM7 channels.
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Karl P. Schlingmann et al.

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Yoshiharu Muto et al.

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Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) knockout mice show mild hypomagnesaemia and developmental defects

Gijs A. C. Franken et al.

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