☆ 4.3 Review

Potential impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on parathyroid: current advances and trends

ENDOCRINE (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations

Hannah E. Davis et al.

Summary: Long COVID is a common and debilitating illness that affects at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, with a wide range of symptoms and impacts on multiple organ systems. There are an estimated 65 million individuals worldwide with long COVID, and the number of cases is increasing daily. Current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, and there is a need for clinical trials to address leading hypotheses. Future research should account for biases and testing issues, build on viral-onset research, include marginalized populations, and meaningfully engage patients.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern: a narrative review

Thibault Fiolet et al.

Summary: Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have high efficacy against the original strain and variants of concern, with rare serious adverse events. However, prices vary significantly for different vaccines.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Comorbidities as Risk Factors for Severe Disease in Hospitalized Elderly COVID-19 Patients by Different Age-Groups in Japan

Yusuke Asai et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly COVID-19 patients in different age groups and found differences among age groups. Most patients had at least one comorbidity, and hypertension was high in all age groups. The proportion of patients with dementia, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease increased with age.

GERONTOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells

Cody B. Jackson et al.

Summary: The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is facilitated by the interaction between the viral spike protein and ACE2, leading to virus-cell membrane fusion, which has been extensively studied at the structural and cellular levels worldwide. This understanding has paved the way for the development of effective vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of COVID-19 on the Endocrine System: A Mini-review

Sophie A. Clarke et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the effects of COVID-19 on various endocrine axes to guide appropriate investigations and optimal management.

ENDOCRINOLOGY (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypocalcemia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: roles of hypovitaminosis D and functional hypoparathyroidism

Sima Hashemipour et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the etiologies of hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients and found that vitamin D deficiency plays a major role. The findings also suggest that inappropriately low/low-normal serum PTH may contribute to this disorder.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

pH- and Calcium-Dependent Aromatic Network in the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein

Joao Medeiros-Silva et al.

Summary: This study investigates the structure and dynamics of the envelope protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The results reveal that acidic pH and calcium ions increase the disorder of the protein's conformation, making the channel pore more spacious and promoting channel opening. Furthermore, the study identifies an intricate aromatic network that may serve as a target for antiviral drug development.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

COVID-19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report

Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause hypoparathyroidism, but its effects on the parathyroid glands have not been extensively studied.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Dynamic Ca2+ sensitivity stimulates the evolved SARS-CoV-2 spike strain-mediated membrane fusion for enhanced entry

Puspangana Singh et al.

Summary: Mutations in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the D614G variant, enhance the calcium sensitivity for membrane fusion, thereby facilitating viral entry. Different spike variants have varying levels of calcium sensitivity, with the Delta variant exhibiting the highest sensitivity.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

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Article

Unrecognized Primary Hypoparathyroidism with Severe Hypocalcemia in the Presence of COVID-19 Infection

Domas Grigoravičius et al.

Acta Medica Lituanica (2022)

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Review Physiology

The calcium-sensing receptor in inflammation: Recent updates

Luca Iamartino et al.

Summary: The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and has various functions in different tissues. Its regulatory effects in inflammation are being elucidated, mostly promoting pro-inflammatory responses, except in the large intestine where its role is contradictory. Abnormal expression of CaSR is associated with hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, and might also be related to autoimmune-hypoparathyroidism following immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment. The relationship between CaSR, calcium, vitamin D metabolism, and the pathogenesis and prognosis of SARS-COVID-19 infection is speculated. Targeting CaSR pharmacologically may have therapeutic potential in managing aberrant inflammatory responses.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: an update

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: In the multifaceted COVID-19 clinical scenario characterized by a multi-system disorder, a distinctive osteo-metabolic phenotype with an independent influence on disease severity and recovery of patients affected was early reported.

ENDOCRINE (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vertebral fractures at hospitalization predict impaired respiratory function during follow-up of COVID-19 survivors

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: VFs, an important component of the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19, appear to influence respiratory function in COVID-19 survivors. This study suggests that VFs assessment may help identify patients needing more intensive respiratory follow-up and patients with persistent respiratory impairment without pulmonary disease may benefit from VFs assessment to prevent further fractures and respiratory deterioration.

ENDOCRINE (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Acid base disorders in patients with COVID-19

Gaetano Alfano et al.

Summary: The study found that acid-base disorders were common in COVID-19 patients, with metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis being the most frequent alterations. Patients with metabolic acidosis had a higher mortality rate.

INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Review Andrology

Worse progression of COVID-19 in men: Is testosterone a key factor?

Vito A. Giagulli et al.

Summary: Testosterone levels may affect the progression of COVID-19 in men, with low levels predisposing to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and defective immune response. This can ultimately lead to impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation, especially in critically ill individuals. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify appropriate therapeutic strategies.

ANDROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Low serum calcium and phosphorus and their clinical performance in detecting COVID-19 patients

Caiting Yang et al.

Summary: This study found that low serum calcium and phosphorus are more prevalent in severe or critical COVID-19 patients, with high specificity but suboptimal sensitivity. Combining calcium and phosphorus with lymphocyte count provides the best discriminatory performance for severe COVID-19 patients.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article

Hypoparathyroidism After COVID-19 Pneumonia

Mahmoud Dianatfar et al.

Shiraz E Medical Journal (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Severe and treatment-resistant hypocalcemia in patient with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia

Begona Pla et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGIA DIABETES Y NUTRICION (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Serum Calcium as Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Severe COVID-19

Salam Bennouar et al.

Summary: This study found that hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcemia were common in severe COVID-19 patients and were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Corrected calcium levels below 2.05 mmol/l and vitamin D levels below 39 nmol/l could predict poor prognosis. The findings suggest that correcting hypocalcemia and supplementing with vitamin D may improve the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Loss of furin cleavage site attenuates SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis

Bryan A. Johnson et al.

Summary: The genetic mutation in SARS-CoV-2 resulted in better fitness in some cells but lower replication capacity in human respiratory cell lines. Despite reducing disease symptoms, the Delta PRRA mutant provided protection against rechallenge with the wildtype SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

D614G Mutation Alters SARS-CoV-2 Spike Conformation and Enhances Protease Cleavage at the S1/S2 Junction

Sophie M-C Gobeil et al.

Summary: The study found that the mutation variant G614 of SARS-CoV-2 leads to significant changes in the protein structure, resulting in altered positioning ratio of RBD, which may have implications for vaccine design.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Covid-19 in Man: A Very Dangerous Affair

Giuseppe Lisco et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about increased mortality risk for infected men and the dual role of testosterone in patient prognosis. SARS-CoV-2 genome is not typically present in gonads, suggesting sexual transmission is unlikely.

ENDOCRINE METABOLIC & IMMUNE DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Decompensated primary hypoparathyroidism in a patient with COVID-19

Jean-Baptiste Bonnet et al.

ANNALES D ENDOCRINOLOGIE (2021)

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Article Biophysics

Ca2+-dependent mechanism of membrane insertion and destabilization by the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide

George Khelashvili et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that the fusion peptide (FP) of coronaviruses requires binding of Ca2+ ions to enhance penetration, but the mechanisms of membrane insertion and destabilization remain unclear.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Impact of low serum calcium at hospital admission on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome

Berta Torres et al.

Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed serum calcium levels in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, finding that patients with hypocalcemia may have a worse outcome, requiring more high oxygen support and being more likely to be admitted to the ICU. More research is needed to understand the role of calcium metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications for clinical interventions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and respiratory insufficiency in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

G. Mazziotti et al.

Summary: This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency, especially when combined with secondary hyperparathyroidism, may increase the risk of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients and impact the need for ventilation during treatment.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Management of Parathyroid Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nivaran Aojula et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted healthcare delivery, impacting emergency care and elective procedures, while also prompting the exploration of novel clinical pathways and debates on the role of vitamin D in preventing severe infection. This disruption has also influenced the management of patients with hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism With Severe Hypercalcemia During the COVID-19 Pandemic Comment

Eman M. Alfadhli

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacologic management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and severe hypercalcemia presents a reasonable alternative to parathyroid surgery. Appropriate monitoring and remote medical follow-up are essential for controlling serum calcium and improving bone density until the pandemic ends.

CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Thyroid and COVID-19: a review on pathophysiological, clinical and organizational aspects

G. Lisco et al.

Summary: Thyroid dysfunction can be induced by SARS-CoV-2, but does not seem to impact the progression of COVID-19. Adequate management of patients with thyroid diseases remains essential during the pandemic, even though it may be compromised due to healthcare service restrictions. Endocrine care centers should prioritize in-person visits for high-risk cases and consider utilizing telemedicine for patients who do not require in-person visits.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Microbiology

The furin cleavage site in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is required for transmission in ferrets

Thomas P. Peacock et al.

Summary: Efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among infected ferrets is dependent on a functional furin cleavage site in the spike protein. The virus has a selective advantage in lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cells due to a polybasic insertion, but replication may be impaired in certain cell lines.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Prognostic Value of Vertebral Bone Density on Chest CT in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Mehmet Tahtabasi et al.

Summary: Lower vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) on chest CT is significantly associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients, such as mortality, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation. Vertebral BMD serves as an independent predictor of mortality and correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY (2021)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The effect of COVID-19 on parathyroid glands

Anis Abobaker et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 and the Endocrine System: A Comprehensive Review on the Theme

Giuseppe Lisco et al.

Summary: This review aimed to summarize advances in the topic of endocrine diseases and their relationship with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors explored whether patients with COVID-19 are at higher risk of developing acute or late-onset endocrine diseases, and if underlying endocrine diseases may be considered risk factors for poor prognosis once the infection has occurred.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypocalcemia in COVID-19 is associated with low vitamin D levels and impaired compensatory PTH response

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: Hypocalcemia is a major feature of COVID-19, which is largely attributed to the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency. This study confirmed a high prevalence of hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients, especially in those with marked hypovitaminosis D not compensated by secondary hyperparathyroidism.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vertebral fractures and mortality risk in hospitalised patients during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency

Sofia Battisti et al.

Summary: The prevalence of VFs was similar between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, but VFs significantly increased short-term mortality risk in those without COVID-19.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in inducing hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease

Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan et al.

Summary: COVID-19 has posed challenges to every corner of the globe, with older individuals and those with underlying health conditions being more susceptible to infection. Recent studies indicate that COVID-19 infection may lead to the development of Graves' disease.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Severe hypocalcaemia in a COVID-19 female patient

Edmond Puca et al.

Summary: This case report presents a COVID-19 patient with severe hypocalcaemia, who was treated with various medications and discharged after testing negative for the virus twice by throat swab.

ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES AND METABOLISM CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Radiological Thoracic Vertebral Fractures are Highly Prevalent in COVID-19 and Predict Disease Outcomes

Luigi di Filippo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of vertebral fractures (VFs) in COVID-19 patients, finding that patients with VFs were more likely to have comorbidities like hypertension and coronary artery disease, require noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and have a higher mortality rate, especially those with severe VFs. The study suggests that morphometric thoracic vertebral evaluation should be performed in all suspected COVID-19 patients undergoing chest x-rays.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypocalcemia is a distinctive biochemical feature of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Luigi di Filippo et al.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

Renhong Yan et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

Alexandra C. Walls et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypoparathyroidism

John P. Bilezikian

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Meng-Yuan Li et al.

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Article Cell Biology

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Jia-Kui Sun et al.

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Characteristics of laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients with non-severe symptoms in Hefei City, China: diagnostic value in organ injuries

Tao Li et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: is a different approach to management warranted?

Eddy Fan et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Prevalence and predictive value of hypocalcemia in severe COVID-19 patients

Jingmei Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Nicola Napoli et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity

Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri et al.

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Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19-A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry

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Controversies in Vitamin D: A Statement From the Third International Conference

Andrea Giustina et al.

JBMR PLUS (2020)

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A Novel Case of Hypoparathyroidism Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sherif Elkattawy et al.

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In Vitro Control of Genes Critical for Parathyroid Embryogenesis by Extracellular Calcium

Sergio Fabbri et al.

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Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent and predicts hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

Luigi Di Filippo et al.

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Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection

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Ze-Ming Liu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Namrah Siraj et al.

ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2018)

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Role of Magnesium in Vitamin D Activation and Function

Anne Marie Uwitonze et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OSTEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION (2018)

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Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism

Bart L. Clarke et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2016)

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Review Physiology

Calcium-Sensing Receptor: A Key Target for Extracellular Calcium Signaling in Neurons

Brian L. Jones et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2016)

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Relationship Between Vertebral Fracture Burden, Height Loss, and Pulmonary Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis

John H. Krege et al.

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The SARS Coronavirus 3a protein binds calcium in its cytoplasmic domain

Rinki Minakshi et al.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2014)

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Drug-induced QT interval prolongation: mechanisms and clinical management

Senthil Nachimuthu et al.

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hypoparathyroidism in the Adult: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Target-Organ Involvement, Treatment, and Challenges for Future Research

John P. Bilezikian et al.

JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (2011)

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Review Cell Biology

Viral calciomics: Interplays between Ca2+ and virus

Yubin Zhou et al.

CELL CALCIUM (2009)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Guidelines for the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement from the Third International Workshop

John P. Bilezikian et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2009)

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Hypoparathyroidism

Dolores Shoback

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2008)

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Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients:: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS

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Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways

YQ Ding et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2004)

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