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Article
Pathology
Paul A. Christensen et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread worldwide and is now responsible for the majority of COVID-19 cases. A study found that patients infected with Omicron were younger, had higher vaccine breakthrough rates, and were less likely to be hospitalized compared to patients with other variants. They also required less respiratory support and had shorter hospital stays, indicating reduced disease severity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jorn L. J. C. Assmann et al.
Summary: Next generation sequencing of the T cell receptor beta chain repertoire in hospitalized COVID-19 patients revealed skewing of SARS-CoV-2 specific TRB sequences towards nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which may negatively impact disease severity.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fritz Obermeyer et al.
Summary: This study developed a model called PyR0 for rapid detection and characterization of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, and identified mutations relevant to fitness. By applying PyR0 to all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes, the researchers discovered mutations that increase fitness and predicted the growth of new lineages based on their mutational profile. The model also prioritizes mutations of biological and public health concern for further study.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erik Volz et al.
Summary: The study suggests a positive selection for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variant D614G in the UK, but no evidence of differences in COVID-19 mortality or clinical severity in patients infected with this variant. 614G is associated with higher viral load and younger age of patients compared to 614D.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiqiang Ku et al.
Summary: Antibody cocktails are a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 escape, with a combination of antibodies CoV2-06 and CoV2-14 identified as effective in preventing viral escape and providing protection in mice, offering new insights for treating COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mariana G. Lopez et al.
Summary: This study sequenced 2,170 samples from the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain, identifying at least 500 introductions of SARS-CoV-2 variants from multiple international sources and documenting the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades. The research shows that public health interventions effectively reduced the reproductive number of these clades, leading to the replacement of the dominant variants by a new variant over the summer of 2020.
Article
Immunology
Michael Kidd et al.
Summary: Analysis of recent test data shows that samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 variant B1.1.7 with mutation Delta 69/70 exhibit S gene target failure (SGTF) in ThermoFisher TaqPath RT-qPCR. Samples with SGTF profile are more likely to have higher viral loads, indicating higher infectivity and rapid spread of this variant.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dami A. Collier et al.
Summary: The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited reduced neutralization by vaccines and antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients, with a more substantial loss seen when introducing the E484K mutation. This mutation poses a threat to the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steven A. Kemp et al.
Summary: Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to viral evolution and increased resistance to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals treated with convalescent plasma. During convalescent plasma therapy, there were significant shifts in the viral population structure and sensitivity, suggesting strong selection pressure on the virus during treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. Davies et al.
Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin R. McCarthy et al.
Summary: The translation above discusses zoonotic pandemics caused by animal viruses spilling over into highly susceptible human populations, specifically focusing on the evolution of coronaviruses in human hosts and the impact of recurrent deletions in the spike glycoprotein on antibody epitopes. These studies help understand the antigenic evolution and adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacqui Wise
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Shang Yu Gong et al.
Summary: Towards the end of 2020, various variants of concern and interest emerged from the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, with a focus on mutations in the Spike protein and their impact on transmissibility, pathogenesis, and vaccine efficacy. Single mutations were found to have differential contributions to the global variants phenotype related to ACE2 interaction and antigenicity, with enhanced ACE2 interaction mainly being modulated by a decrease in off-rate. Additionally, it was observed that the Spike proteins from emerging variants bind better to ACE2 at 37 degrees C compared to the D614G variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew McCallum et al.
Summary: The study identifies 41 human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and exhibit strong neutralizing activity. These antibodies inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect animals from virus challenge, highlighting the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing antibodies for protective immunity and vaccine development. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the NTD supersite suggest ongoing selective pressure on the virus.
Article
Microbiology
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The emerging Brazilian variant P.1 shows increased resistance to antibody neutralization, posing a threat to current antibody therapies, but has less impact on the effectiveness of protective vaccines.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erik Volz et al.
Summary: Genetic and testing data from England indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages, showing a rapid expansion during autumn 2020. Analysis of S gene target failures (SGTF) in community-based diagnostic PCR testing suggests that B.1.1.7 is more transmissible than non-variant of concern lineages and has a significant transmission advantage, with a reproduction number 50% to 100% higher. Additionally, cases of B.1.1.7 appear to include a larger share of under 20-year-olds compared to non-variant cases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohd Zulkifli Salleh et al.
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has posed significant challenges worldwide, resulting in millions of deaths. Mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein may impact vaccine efficacy. Variants such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma have mutations in their spike proteins that enhance viral fitness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ewen Callaway
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma B. Hodcroft et al.
Summary: A variant of SARS-CoV-2, 20E (EU1), was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and later spread across Europe. Despite not showing increased transmissibility, the variant's success can be attributed to rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment measures. Travel played a significant role in introducing the variant multiple times to European countries during the summer, undermining local efforts to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Bo Meng et al.
Summary: The Delta H69N70 mutation in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein increases infectivity and partially rescues immune escape mutations that impair infectivity. Continued surveillance and research on deletions with functional effects are necessary.
Article
Developmental Biology
Raquel Perez-Gomez
Summary: The emergence of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 led to the COVID-19 pandemic with mutations occurring, some of which improving viral functions. Mutations in the virus spike protein play a significant role in infectivity, transmissibility, and immune escape, impacting the ongoing pandemic.
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pilailuk Okada et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Zhou et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qihui Wang et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Domenico Benvenuto et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bette Korber et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lizhou Zhang et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Virology
Kathryn E. Follis et al.
