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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joonhee Choi et al.
Summary: Producing random quantum states is increasingly important in modern quantum science, with applications in both theory and practice. Randomly distributed, pure quantum state ensembles play a key role in understanding complexity in quantum circuits and black holes, as well as benchmarking quantum devices in tests of quantum advantage. This study solves the problem of creating random ensembles by predicting and observing their emergence naturally under time-independent Hamiltonian dynamics, and develops an efficient benchmarking protocol and fidelity estimation scheme with broad applicability.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
T. Mueller et al.
Summary: We have identified an unconventional algebraic scaling phase in the quantum dynamics of long-range hopping free fermions under continuous local measurements. This phase exhibits features such as algebraic entanglement entropy growth and a slow algebraic decay of the density-density correlation function.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Takaaki Minato et al.
Summary: In this study, we investigate the robustness of measurement-induced phase transitions in quantum many-body dynamics, particularly focusing on the influence of long-range interactions. Using fermion models, we demonstrate the existence and non-existence of these phase transitions in both integrable and nonintegrable systems. We also propose sufficient conditions for observing these transitions, indicating that they are optimal based on numerical calculations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell Block et al.
Summary: The presence of long-range power-law interactions fundamentally alters the nature of the transition between scrambling unitary evolution and projective measurements in the dynamics of quantum entanglement. For sufficiently weak power laws, the transition induced by measurements is described by conformal field theory, similar to short-range-interacting hybrid circuits. However, beyond a critical power law, long-range interactions result in a continuum of nonconformal universality classes with continuously varying critical exponents. The phase diagram for a one-dimensional, long-range-interacting hybrid circuit model is numerically determined as a function of the power-law exponent and the measurement rate. Furthermore, a theoretical understanding for the critical power law is provided by using an analytic mapping to a long-range quantum Ising model.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Piotr Sierant et al.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Crystal Noel et al.
Summary: This study investigates the purification phase transition using random quantum circuits implemented on a trapped-ion quantum computer. Experimental evidence of two phases is found, and numerical calculations demonstrate the emergence of critical properties of the transition.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Ippoliti et al.
Summary: The extension of many-body quantum dynamics to the nonunitary domain has led to the discovery of steady-state phases with various entanglement scaling behavior, from logarithmic to extensive to fractal. By utilizing a duality transformation, the relationship between unitary and nonunitary dynamics is revealed, shedding light on the growth of entanglement in unitary circuits and the corresponding nonunitary circuits. This understanding allows for the derivation of nonthermal volume-law entangled phases and the identification of steady-state phases with fractal entanglement scaling. Additionally, an experimental protocol for preparing these novel steady states has been proposed.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tony Jin et al.
Summary: We introduce and study a new model of a single classical random walker undergoing continuous monitoring on a discrete lattice. The continuous measurement has a nontrivial effect on the probability distribution of the random walker. At small monitoring rates, the time evolution of the random walker can be mapped to the stochastic heat equation, with scaling laws corresponding to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. When the monitoring rate is increased, the system exhibits a crossover to a new universality class characterized by different exponents. In 3D, varying the monitoring rate beyond a critical value leads to a phase transition from the Edwards-Wilkinson class to a new universality class.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zack Weinstein et al.
Summary: Generic many-body systems coupled to an environment undergo decoherence and lose their quantum entanglement, resulting in a mixed state with only classical correlations. However, this study shows that measurements can stabilize quantum entanglement within open quantum systems. Specifically, in random unitary circuits with dephasing at the boundary, projective measurements performed at a small nonvanishing rate lead to a steady state with an L1/3 power-law scaling entanglement negativity within the system.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Utkarsh Agrawal et al.
Summary: The study investigates the enrichment of entanglement dynamics in nonunitary quantum circuits and reveals a charge-sharpening transition and an entanglement transition. The presence of measurements causes all average Renyi entropies to grow ballistically with time.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Yaodong Li et al.
Summary: Monitored quantum dynamics can reveal the evolution trajectories of quantum states, including the changes in entanglement structures. A study on one-dimensional hybrid circuits found that the entanglement properties of the volume-law phase can be quantitatively described using statistical mechanics models and numerical simulations. Additionally, it was observed that noise in the hybrid dynamics can drive a phase transition, making the volume-law phase no longer stable under projective measurements.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Subhayan Sahu et al.
Summary: We develop solvable models of large-N hybrid quantum circuits on qubits and fermions with tunable long-range power-law interactions and continuous local monitoring. These models provide analytical access to the entanglement phase diagram and error-correcting properties of many-body entangled nonequilibrium states generated by such dynamics. We find that long-range couplings can lead to measurement-induced phase transitions and the realization of quantum error correcting codes in certain conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xhek Turkeshi et al.
Summary: This study investigates the entanglement dynamics in continuously monitored current-driven open quantum systems and reveals that monitoring can enhance the entanglement properties of the system.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Boorman et al.
Summary: We analyze the generation and destruction of entanglement in a one-dimensional quantum spin chain under locally noisy and disordered Hamiltonian using the concept of a measurement-induced entanglement transition. By continuously measuring the system, we induce a transition from volume to area-law scaling of the steady-state entanglement entropy. The critical measurement strength is systematically reduced by static background disorder, but the dependence on the strength of nonstatic noise is nonmonotonic. According to the extracted finite-size scaling exponents, the universality class of the transition is independent of the noise and disorder strength.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tomohiro Hashizume et al.
Summary: This study investigates measurement-induced phase transitions in fast scramblers. The circuits featuring sparse nonlocal interactions are found to withstand higher rates of local measurement, which is important for the design of noise-resilient quantum circuits and error correcting codes.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yimu Bao et al.
Summary: Quantum circuits composed of random unitary gates and subject to local measurements exhibit a phase transition from volume-law entanglement to area-law entanglement, controlled by the rate of measurement. By extending symmetry associated with the ensemble, new phases without equilibrium counterparts can be predicted. The enlarged symmetry allows for the emergence of novel quantum many-body states that were not supported by the physical circuit symmetry alone.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shao-Kai Jian et al.
Summary: In this study, Brownian SYK chains subjected to continuous monitoring were constructed to explore entanglement phase transitions. It was found that the entanglement transition is caused by symmetry breaking in the enlarged replica space, with a continuous O(2) symmetry between replicas in the noninteracting case leading to spontaneous breaking upon varying the measurement rate. The results suggest that the emergent replica criticality associated with the Goldstone mode leads to log-scaling entanglement entropy in the symmetry broken phase at low measurement rate, while area-law scaling is observed in the symmetric phase at higher measurement rate.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Ippoliti et al.
Summary: The dynamics of entanglement in hybrid nonunitary circuits involving both unitary gates and quantum measurements have been intensively studied. A proposed method utilizes spacetime duality to overcome the hurdle of postselection on random measurement outcomes in order to prepare output states, mapping the purification dynamics of mixed states onto particular correlation functions in associated unitary circuits. This operational protocol can be implemented on a digital quantum simulator and allows measurement of entanglement phases and subsystem purity.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Ippoliti et al.
Summary: The article explores the entanglement phase transition that unitary circuits can undergo with repeated projective measurements. Surprisingly, it is found that entanglement phase transitions can occur even in the absence of scrambling unitary dynamics, being primarily driven by measurements. The main driving force behind these transitions is the frustration caused by the mutual incompatibility of the measurements.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Zhou et al.
Summary: The study presents a fast and high-fidelity reset scheme for quantum qubits, achieved by modulating the flux through the qubit to swap with its readout resonator within 34 ns. This approach can effectively deplete the second excited state, has negligible effects on neighboring qubits, and offers a way to entangle the qubit with a single photon for quantum communication applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Tsung-Cheng Lu et al.
Summary: This study explores the relationship between two types of systems by changing the spacetime rotation of a circuit, investigating the characteristics of entanglement scaling and phase transitions. By constructing nonunitary circuits, transitions in entanglement scaling were showcased, such as the transition from logarithmic scaling to volume-law scaling in a one-dimensional fermion circuit.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Hassan Shapourian et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the entanglement properties of random mixed states, showing that the logarithmic negativity behaves similarly to the Page curve in different ranges of subregion sizes, with an intermediate phase where it only depends on the size of the system and the bath. When the bath is larger than the system by at least two extra qubits, the logarithmic negativity is identically zero, indicating no distillable entanglement. Using a diagrammatic approach, the semi-circle law of the entanglement negativity spectrum in the two latter regimes is derived, revealing deviations from the Gaussian unitary ensemble for higher-order corrections.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gregory S. Bentsen et al.
Summary: Competition between unitary dynamics and local measurements in quantum entanglement phase transition is studied using an analytically tractable circuit model. It is found that the measurement rate affects the entanglement preservation in the hybrid system. The second-order phase transition below a critical measurement rate is characterized by a mean-field-like behavior and described in terms of a simple Ising field theory in 0 + 1 dimensions. The study also relates the results to quantum error correction and discusses the experimental feasibility of simulating the averaged purity.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Shengqi Sang et al.
Summary: We propose entanglement negativity as a fine-grained probe of measurement-induced criticality, and show that it can distinguish between bipartite and multipartite entanglement in stabilizer states. In a measurement-only stabilizer circuit, we find that the mutual information and mutual negativity are governed by boundary conformal fields of different scaling dimensions at long distances. By perturbing the measurement-only circuit with unitary gates of varying complexity, we observe that the mutual negativity has a scaling dimension of 3 across many hybrid circuits, which is different from percolation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ruihua Fan et al.
Summary: Random measurements induce a phase transition in an extended quantum system under chaotic dynamics, resistant to disentangling action when strength exceeds a threshold. The study quantifies notions by power-law decay of mutual information and logarithmic contribution to entanglement entropy. Utilizing an error-correction viewpoint, a bound on critical measurement strength is obtained as a function of qudit dimension, relevant for qubit transition estimates.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Adam Nahum et al.
Summary: This work explores theoretical approaches to measurement-induced phase transitions and entanglement transitions in random tensor networks. Results are presented for all-to-all quantum circuits and spatially local systems of any finite dimensionality, with comparisons made between theory and numerics. Field theories are proposed for different phase transitions, with a surprising difference observed between the measurement phase transition and other cases. Variants of the measurement problem with additional structure, such as free-fermion structure, are also discussed for future research directions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yaodong Li et al.
Summary: In this study, stabilizer quantum error correcting codes generated under hybrid dynamics of local Clifford unitaries and local Pauli measurements in one dimension are investigated. A statistical mechanical description of the QECC in terms of entanglement domain walls is proposed, relying on a general formula relating error susceptibility to entanglement properties and a mapping between entanglement entropies and domain wall free energies of an underlying spin model. Numerical evidence supports the correspondences between the information-theoretic decoupling criterion and the geometric decoupling of domain walls, leading to the identification of the contiguous code distance and the protection of a finite code rate against local undetectable errors.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Soonwon Choi et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
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Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tsung-Cheng Lu et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
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Kai-Hsin Wu et al.
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(2020)
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Michael J. Gullans et al.
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Yimu Bao et al.
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Chao-Ming Jian et al.
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Brian Skinner et al.
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Frank Arute et al.
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(2015)
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(2013)
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(2006)
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(2005)
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