4.7 Review

Recent progress in ammonia synthesis based on photoelectrocatalysis

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Constructing boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride with 2D/1D porous hierarchical architecture and efficient N2 photofixation

Jing Yu et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the rational design of photocatalysts for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. By doping boron element into graphitic carbon nitride, the band gap can be adjusted. The boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride with a porous rod-like 2D/1D hierarchical architecture exhibited enhanced visible light absorption and improved photogenerated carrier separation efficiency. The efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance was attributed to the synergistic effect between the boron doping and the porous structure, which provided more active sites. This research has guiding significance for the development of high-efficiency photocatalysts in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The chemistry of proton carriers in high-performance lithium-mediated ammonia electrosynthesis

Hoang-Long Du et al.

Summary: Electrochemical lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction can be used to synthesize ammonia from renewables, but integrating it into electrolyzer devices is challenging due to the lack of understanding of the relationship between performance and proton transport parameters. In this study, a top-performance N-2 electroreduction system was used to investigate the correlation between reaction metrics and proton carrier properties, including alcohols, a phosphonium cation, tetrahydrofuran, a Bronsted acid, ammonium, and water. The study showed that optimized electrolyte compositions are required for productive carriers, and ammonia electrosynthesis with the phosphonium cation and iso-propanol achieved performance close to the ethanol benchmark. It was also found that ethanol undergoes irreversible degradation through reaction with oxidized solvent, unlike iso-propanol and phosphonium cation proton carriers.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2023)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Recent progress and strategies on the design of catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction

Wei Song et al.

Summary: This review discusses the reaction mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of NO3- and systematically summarizes recent developments in electrocatalysts for the NO3-RR. Various design strategies to enhance the performance of NO3-RR, such as defect engineering, rational structure design, strain engineering, and constructing heterostructures, are discussed. The authors also illustrate how understanding these optimization strategies can provide fundamental insights into the yield rate, faradaic efficiency, and selectivity of electrocatalysts for NH3 synthesis.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Interfacial Microextraction Boosting Nitrogen Feed for Efficient Ambient Ammonia Synthesis in Aqueous Electrolyte

Xiaowei Shen et al.

Summary: This study reports an N-2 microextractor (NME) that can extract N-2 from water and supply it to catalysts on electrodes. By enhancing the supply of N-2 in the NRR process, the NME achieves efficient electrocatalytic N-2 reduction, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of the Ammonia Economy.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Interface engineering of MoS2@Fe(OH)3 nanoarray heterostucture: Electrodeposition of MoS2@Fe(OH)3 as N2 and H+ channels for artificial NH3 synthesis under mild conditions

Xiaolong Xu et al.

Summary: Transition metal interface engineering was developed to enhance the eNRR performance. Coating Fe(OH)(3) on MoS2 surface can improve the eNRR performance of the catalyst. This study may offer a new potential pathway for artificial N-2 fixation.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Two-Dimensional WO3-Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Vertical Heterostructures for Nitrogen Fixation: A Photo(Electro) Catalysis Theoretical Strategy

Haoran Guo et al.

Summary: This study investigates the construction of a novel vertical heterostructure using two-dimensional WO3 and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for efficient photo(electro)catalysis in the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Computational results show that the heterostructures are thermodynamically stable and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the photocatalytic mechanism. The optimized WO3-MoS2 heterostructure exhibits the lowest onset potential and enhancing the catalytic activity can be achieved by repositioning the d-band center. These findings offer a new avenue for developing cost-effective alternatives for nitrogen fixation.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ambient Ammonia Synthesis via Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate Enabled by NiCo2O4 Nanowire Array

Qian Liu et al.

Summary: NiCo2O4 nanowire array on carbon cloth (NiCo2O4/CC) is proposed as a highly active electrocatalyst for ambient nitrate (NO3-) reduction to ammonia (NH3). It achieves a high Faradic efficiency of 99.0% and a large NH3 yield up to 973.2 mu mol h(-1) cm(-2). The superior catalytic activity comes from its half-metal feature and optimized adsorption energy due to the existence of Ni in the crystal structure.
Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design and Synthesis of Hollow Nanostructures for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Min Yang et al.

Summary: This article summarizes recent progress in the structural design of micro/nanostructured hollow materials as advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting. Design principles and strategies for highly effective hollow electrocatalysts for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions are highlighted, and an overview of current reports about hollow electrocatalysts with diverse architectural designs and functionalities is given. The future research directions of hollow electrocatalysts for water splitting are also discussed based on personal perspectives.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Ambient electrochemical N2-to-NH3 conversion catalyzed by TiO2 decorated juncus effusus-derived carbon microtubes

Haijun Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, a hybrid catalyst of TiO2 and juncus effusus-derived carbon microtubes with a three-dimensional cross-linked hollow tubular structure is proposed for efficient electrocatalytic conversion of N-2 to NH3 at ambient conditions. The catalyst shows a high NH3 yield and faradaic efficiency in 0.1M Na2SO4, along with superior electrochemical and structural stability.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Engineering a Kesterite-Based Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Ammonia Synthesis from NOx Reduction

Shujie Zhou et al.

Summary: Photoelectrochemical ammonia synthesis from NOx reduction reaction (NOxRR) offers a promising solution for converting solar energy into ammonia. This study demonstrates the selective synthesis of ammonia using a kesterite-based photocathode, showing high Faradaic efficiency and positive onset potential. The results suggest the potential of using this method for sustainable ammonia production and restoration from wastewater.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia over CuPc/CeO2 heterostructure: Understanding the synergistic effect between oxygen vacancies and Ce sites

Xia Li et al.

Summary: In this work, a CuPc/CeO2 heterostructure was designed and studied for the photoelectrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (PEC NRR). The role of Ce3+/Ce4+ pairs on the formation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the factors affecting the chemical adsorption and activation of NO3- were investigated. The organic-inorganic hybrid matrix in the CuPc/CeO2 heterostructure strengthened the relationship between solar harvest, carriers' separation, and NO3- reduction, leading to high performance.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photoelectrocatalytic nitrogen fixation with Vo-BiOBr/TiO2 heterostructured photoelectrode as photocatalyst

Sheng Lin et al.

Summary: A Vo-BiOBr/TiO2 nanocomposite photoelectrode was constructed for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, resulting in high NH3 production rate and photoelectrocatalytic efficiency.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Bi2S3 quantum dots in situ grown on MoS2 nanoflowers: An efficient electron-rich interface for photoelectrochemical N2 reduction

Nan Gao et al.

Summary: Photoelectrocatalysis is a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for NH3 synthesis, but the low efficiency of ammonia synthesis in photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction reactions (PEC NRR) is a major problem. In this study, an efficient PEC NRR catalyst, BQD/MS, was developed and it exhibited excellent structure and interfacial charge distribution, promoting the migration of photogenerated electrons and improving N-2 reduction performance.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Predicting Dinitrogen Activation by Carborane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs

Chenshu Dai et al.

Summary: This study discusses the challenge of activating dinitrogen (N-2) under mild conditions and introduces the potential of using carborane derivatives for N-2 activation. Through theoretical calculations, it is found that carborane-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have low reaction barriers and high exothermicity for N-2 activation, indicating the potential for metal-free N2 activation under mild conditions.

ORGANOMETALLICS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Achieving efficient N2 electrochemical reduction by stabilizing the N2H* intermediate with the frustrated Lewis pairs

Zhe Chen et al.

Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to improve the performance of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction by using catalysts with frustrated Lewis pairs, identifying promising candidates with low limiting potentials and high selectivity, offering a new opportunity for accelerated and cost-effective ammonia synthesis through electrocatalysis.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Defects-engineered tailoring of tri-doped interlinked metal-free bifunctional catalyst with lower gibbs free energy of OER/HER intermediates for overall water splitting

G. Yasin et al.

Summary: A facile tempted-defects assisted fractionation strategy was presented to synthesize N, S, and O tri-doped metal-free catalyst (DETDAP), which exhibits excellent bifunctional catalytic activity with low overpotential towards both the OER and HER. The tailored defects in tri-doped interlinking were found to enhance the bifunctional catalytic performance, providing a perceptive understanding of the synergetic principles of heteroatom-interlinking-tailoring nanostructures in water splitting.

MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Atomic-Scale Homogeneous Ru-Cu Alloy Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Chansol Kim et al.

Summary: Ruthenium is commonly used for nitrogen reduction reaction, but the combination with copper shows the highest selectivity and formation rate of ammonia among existing alloy metal combinations.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Dinitrogen to Benzonitrile: Selectivity Control by Electrophile- versus Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

Maximilian Fritz et al.

Summary: This study presents a new method for the conversion of dinitrogen to benzonitrile, which involves photoelectrochemical reduction of N-2 followed by N-benzoylation to achieve selective nitrogen transfer and produce nitrogenous organic products in photoelectrosynthesis.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2022)

Review Energy & Fuels

Advanced Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance: A Short Review

Lanxin Wang et al.

Summary: This paper reviews the traditional and emerging strategies for improving the performance of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and briefly prospects the existing challenges and future opportunities.

ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Research Progress and Perspectives on Active Sites of Photo- and Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

Ya-Ge Liu et al.

Summary: Ammonia is closely related to human production and life. The traditional Haber-Bosch process has drawbacks of high energy consumption, pollution, and harsh reaction conditions. Photo-electrocatalytic N2 fixation has been shown to be energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and economical, but it often suffers from low ammonia yields. This is mainly due to the lack of active sites. The importance of active sites and various methods to increase them on catalyst surfaces have been discussed.

ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electroreduction of nitrogen with almost 100% current-to-ammonia efficiency

Hoang-Long Du et al.

Summary: Ammonia is considered a potential replacement for carbon-based fuels and a carrier for global renewable energy transportation, with the need to transform existing NH3 production technology into a simpler and scale-flexible electrochemical lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction.

NATURE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

3D interconnected porous Mo-doped WO3@CdS hierarchical hollow heterostructures for efficient photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia

Muhammad Asim Mushtaq et al.

Summary: In this study, low-cost Mo-doped WO3@CdS porous hollow microspheres were synthesized and demonstrated as efficient catalysts for reducing gaseous N-2 into ammonia. The Mo-doping and interconnected porous heterostructures provide sufficient catalytic sites for effective photoelectrocatalytic N-2 reduction.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2022)

Article Electrochemistry

Three-phase interface of SnO2 nanoparticles loaded on hydrophobic MoS2 enhance photoelectrochemical N2 reduction

Huimin Yang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the synthesis of nanocomposites (SNP/MSO) with a three-phase interface for efficient photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction (PEC NRR). The hydrophobic interface and heterojunction structure effectively suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and enhance the production of ammonia.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic and photo-electrochemical ammonia synthesis over dimensional oriented cobalt titanate/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide junction interface catalyst

K. M. Parida et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the efficient nitrogen reduction to ammonia using a combination of cobalt titanate and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide under visible light irradiation. By optimizing the concentration of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide, the production of ammonia was significantly improved, paving the way for the development of highly active catalyst materials for sustainable energy conversion in the future.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

An integrated Si photocathode with lithiation-activated molybdenum oxide nanosheets for efficient ammonia synthesis

Yuyin Mao et al.

Summary: Photoelectrochemical routes powered by renewable solar energy offer a promising alternative to conventional industrial processes for N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) towards NH3 synthesis at ambient conditions. In this study, an integrated LixMoO3/n(+)np(+)-Si photo-cathode achieved a high PEC NH3 yield rate by efficiently harnessing sunlight and promoting catalytic kinetics, without the use of precious noble metals. The lithiation strategy played a crucial role in enhancing NRR kinetics and activating MoO3 into an efficient electrocatalyst for NH3 synthesis. This work has significant potential for constructing monolithic PEC devices for solar-driven artificial ammonia photosynthesis.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Boosting Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis of Bio-Inspired Porous Mo-Doped Hematite via Nitrogen Activation

Zan-Yao Niu et al.

Summary: This study reports a molybdenum-doped iron oxide catalyst with enhanced activity and selectivity for the electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3. Molybdenum doping induces morphology change and lattice defects, creating more active sites. The catalyst exhibits high ammonia production rate and Faradaic efficiency, outperforming other catalysts.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Unveiling charge dynamics of Co3S4 nanowalls/CdS nanospheres n-n heterojunction for efficient photoelectrochemical Cr(VI) detoxification and N2 fixation

Rezvan Karimi et al.

Summary: This study presents a polyaniline-coated anodized stainless-steel mesh supported n-n heterojunction of CdS nanosphere-Co3S4 nanowalls photoanode for solar energy conversion. The photoanode demonstrates excellent performance in Cr(VI) detoxification and N2 fixation processes. Experimental and electrochemical analysis reveal a possible mechanism involving 3-electron-coupled Cr(VI) reduction and 6-electron-coupled N2 reduction pathways. The PEC exhibits considerable electrocatalytic performance with high ammonia yield and Cr(VI) reduction efficiency.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2022)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Plasma-etched Ti2O3 with oxygen vacancies for enhanced NH3 electrosynthesis and Zn-N2 batteries

Hai-jun Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, a novel electrocatalyst, OV-Ti2O3, was reported for sustainable NH3 production. OV-Ti2O3 exhibited outstanding N-2 fixation performance in experiments and showed excellent performance in the assembled Zn-N-2 battery.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Computational screening of O-functional MXenes for electrocatalytic ammonia

Yijing Gao et al.

Summary: This study investigated the performance of various O-functional MXenes as catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) through calculations and regression analysis. Descriptors and equations for the relationship between the properties of O-functional MXenes and NRR activity were proposed. Nb3C2OX was identified as a promising catalyst for NRR. The findings provide insights for catalyst design and machine learning data for future research.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

A bifunctional catalyst based on a carbon quantum dots/mesoporous SrTiO3 heterostructure for cascade photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction

Yongming Hu et al.

Summary: Despite progress in sustainable ammonia technology, the efficiency and yield of artificial nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions remain low. In this study, a bifunctional catalyst called CQDs/STO, consisting of ultrathin carbon quantum dots and hydrogenated mesoporous SrTiO3 heterostructure, has been developed to enhance nitrogen reduction. The CQDs/STO catalyst exhibits high photocatalytic activity and achieves an ammonia yield of 143 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) without sacrificial reagents, which is about 7 times higher than STO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the CQDs/STO catalyst can also be used for cascade photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction, resulting in a 50% increase in ammonia yield. Density functional theory calculations reveal the synergy between SrTiO3 and CQDs, with the oxygen vacancies in SrTiO3 playing a key role as electrocatalytic centers. This cascade catalytic system provides new insight into designing solar-driven nitrogen fixation devices.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2022)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

A novel Z-scheme Bi-Bi2O3/KTa0.5Nb0.5O3 heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic conversion of N2 to NH3

Lu Chen et al.

Summary: A novel Z-scheme photocatalyst Bi-Bi2O3/KTa0.5Nb0.5O3 (KTN) composite was prepared, showing higher photocatalytic ammonia-synthesis efficiency. The incomplete core-shell structure of loaded Bi-Bi2O3 nanoparticles and the presence of Bi metal improved charge separation and electron migration, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

In-situ decoration of unsaturated Cu sites on Cu2O photocathode for boosting nitrogen reduction reaction

Ying Liu et al.

Summary: This study proposed a feasible strategy to in-situ modify the surface of Cu2O with Cu-MOF, constructing a Cu-MOF/Cu2O heterostructure that significantly boosts NH3 production rate. The organic-inorganic hybrid system offers a new insight for establishing an efficient PEC NRR system.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Managing the Nitrogen Cycle via Plasmonic (Photo)Electrocatalysis: Toward Circular Economy

Mohammadreza Nazemi et al.

Summary: The article highlights the importance of developing cost-effective and sustainable technologies for storing and transporting industrial-scale renewable energy, focusing on cutting-edge research in areas such as chemical energy storage and photoelectrosynthesis, to achieve more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical synthesis and nitrogen fixation.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Review Energy & Fuels

Fundamentals and Recent Progress of Photocatalytic Nitrogen-Fixation Reaction over Semiconductors

Shengtao Chen et al.

Summary: This article provides an overview of the fundamentals, performance evaluation, and recent progress of photocatalytic nitrogen-fixation reactions. It categorizes photocatalysts and their design strategies, offering suggestions for analyzing existing photocatalytic nitrogen-fixation systems. Finally, it outlines existing challenges and future opportunities to guide the development of high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for artificial N-2 fixation.

SOLAR RRL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Accelerating photoelectric CO2 conversion with a photothermal wavelength-dependent plasmonic local field

Chenyu Xu et al.

Summary: The study presents a novel approach for CO2 conversion using a Ag/CuxO@rGO/Mo photocathode, which enhances the formation of intermediate groups by exciting specific wavelengths of light, producing stable CO, H2, and CH4. An unbiased solar-to-gaseous-carbon-fuel efficiency of 0.51% is achieved, with the ability to fine-tune the syngas production.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Dual-functional paired photoelectrocatalytic system for the photocathodic reduction of CO2 to fuels and the anodic oxidation of furfural to value-added chemicals

G. Bharath et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the design of paired PEC for efficient conversion of CO2 to methanol and oxidation of furfural to valuable products. Experimental results show high yields of methanol and furfural oxidation products at both electrodes, indicating the potential of the paired PEC process.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Research Progress in Organic Synthesis by Means of Photoelectrocatalysis

Pengyan Li et al.

Summary: The rapid development of radical chemistry has led to the emergence of innovative strategies for organic synthesis, among which photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) has received considerable attention as a promising approach. Although many catalytic reactions face challenges such as high overpotential and poor conversion efficiency, scientists are actively seeking solutions to enhance the accessibility and further development of photoelectrocatalytic technology for specific chemical bond formation and catalytic system fabrication.

CHEMICAL RECORD (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis: Mechanistic Insights into N2 Activation at Oxygen Vacancies under Visible Light Excitation

Xianghong Niu et al.

Summary: This study reveals a photoexcitation-assisted N2 activation mechanism in oxide semiconductors like BiOBr, addressing the issue of band edge reduction potentials not meeting nitrogen fixation requirements. The mechanism involves OV defect states providing higher reduction potential for photogenerated electrons, facilitating NH3 synthesis. This advancement in understanding photocatalytic N2 fixation may offer a new approach for designing efficient ammonia photocatalysts.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Optically and Electrocatalytically Decoupled Si Photocathodes with a Porous Carbon Nitride Catalyst for Nitrogen Reduction with Over 61.8% Faradaic Efficiency

Karthik Peramaiah et al.

Summary: The decoupling design using a cascade n(+)np(+)Si photocathode improved the efficiency of PEC NRR devices for achieving the highest FE and NH3 production yield. The porous architecture and N-vacancies facilitate the N-2 adsorption of the catalyst, contributing to the outstanding PEC NRR performance.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Boron doping and high curvature in Bi nanorolls for promoting photoelectrochemical nitrogen fixation

Fuchun Xu et al.

Summary: This research presents a new strategy for tailoring cathodic bismuth sites with boron doping and rolling curvature to enhance PEC NRR performance, providing guidance for rational design of highly active and selective metallic catalyst in PEC NRR.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent advances in strategies for highly selective electrocatalytic N-2 reduction toward ambient NH3 synthesis

Qian Liu et al.

Summary: The review summarizes recent progress in strategies for improving NH3 selectivity in the electrochemical N-2 reduction reaction, including electrocatalyst tuning, electrolyte choice, and cell configuration design.

CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cleavage of the NN Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3-Diaza-2,4-Diborete (FB)2N2 from N2 and Fluoroborylene BF

Bing Xu et al.

Summary: The research successfully cleaved the triple bond of N-2 by fluoroborylene (:BF) in a low-temperature N-2 matrix, forming novel species that may contribute to the design of catalysts based on borylene for artificial dinitrogen activation.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photocatalytic CO2 conversion over single-atom MoN2 sites of covalent organic framework

Mingpu Kou et al.

Summary: This study successfully introduced single-atom MoN2 sites into COF to construct Mo-COF materials, achieving the goal of converting CO2 into high added value hydrocarbons products and providing a new approach for this process.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres with high specific surface area and oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalysis N2 fixation

Tianyu Wang et al.

Summary: Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres containing oxygen vacancies were synthesized by a solvothermal template-free method, showing enhanced activity in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation compared to solid Bi2WO6. The presence of oxygen vacancies induced metastable electrons that activate nitrogen molecules, leading to efficient N2 fixation. The material can be reused five times and offers a promising alternative for efficient N2 fixation under ambient conditions.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Boosting Nitrogen Activation via Bimetallic Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis

Zhanfeng Zhao et al.

Summary: The study proposed a strategy for boosting N-2 activation by decoupling the electron acceptance and donation processes using bimetallic organic frameworks (BMOFs). Through testing six different bimetal combinations, it was found that a specific ionization potential difference and metal proportion led to a dominant bimetal synergistic effect. The optimal BMOF(Sr)-0.2Fe photocatalyst exhibited a high NH3 evolution rate, highlighting a potential breakthrough in catalytic processes.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly selective electroreduction of N2 and CO2 to urea over artificial frustrated Lewis pairs

Menglei Yuan et al.

Summary: The study achieved efficient conversion of CO2 and N-2 into urea by precisely designing unique frustrated Lewis pairs in flower-like nickel borate crystals. Through the synergistic action of Lewis acidic and basic sites, inert gases were captured and activated, ultimately achieving high urea yield rates.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Heterojunction-based photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: principles and current progress

Hassan Ali et al.

Summary: Nitrogen fixation is a major challenge for achieving a green and sustainable future, and heterojunction-based photocatalysis has emerged as a viable solution. The spatial separation of charge carriers and high reaction potentials of heterojunction photocatalysts can be used for nitrogen fixation.

NANOSCALE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemistry-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia

Jianyun Zheng et al.

Summary: This study presents a simple and effective electrochemistry-assisted strategy to enhance the PEC fixation of N-2 to NH3, achieving high NH3 yield rate and conversion efficiency. By using a steel-based cathode-assisted Au/SiO2/Si photocathode, it seamlessly combines two critical reaction steps-N-2 activation and hydrogenation-to realize reliable production of NH3 by the PEC NRR. An operando characterization and a theoretical calculation reveal the active sites and reaction mechanism of the whole system for an electrochemistry-assisted PEC NRR, demonstrating its capability and introducing a new design concept for addressing challenges in photoelectrochemical and other chemical fields.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Understanding the Z-scheme heterojunction of BiVO4/PANI for photoelectrochemical nitrogen reduction

Yajie Bai et al.

Summary: The Z-scheme heterojunction of BiVO4/PANI showed promising results in PEC efficiency, achieving a desirable NH3 yield rate and faradaic efficiency. This study provides novel insights into PEC NRR research and has potential applications in modifying catalysts for enhancing PEC N2 reduction reaction performance.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photo-assisted high performance single atom electrocatalysis of the N2 reduction reaction by a Mo-embedded covalent organic framework

Juan Wang et al.

Summary: This study introduces a Mo atom anchored covalent organic framework (MoPc-TFPN) for the photo-assisted electrocatalysis of N-2 reduction reaction, exhibiting low onset potential and effective suppression of competing reactions. Moreover, the catalyst possesses appropriate band edges and high light absorption efficiency, potentially enhancing the electrocatalytic efficiency of NRR.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Alkylthiol surface engineering: an effective strategy toward enhanced electrocatalytic N2-to-NH3 fixation by a CoP nanoarray

Zhaobai Du et al.

Summary: Surface engineering of a CoP nanoarray supported on a titanium mesh using hydrophobic octadecanethiol enhances the electrocatalytic activity for N-2-to-NH3 conversion. This strategy improves NH3 yield and FE while maintaining stability and durability, showing promising potential for renewable electricity storage.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Single- and mixed-metal-organic framework photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

Xiao-Yao Dao et al.

Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as ideal photocatalysts for CO2 conversion due to their excellent CO2 capture capacity and photoelectronic properties. Recent research has focused on improving the properties of MOF-based photocatalysts and exploring the relationship between structures and activity to construct highly efficient MOFs for CO2 conversion. Challenges in this field have been mentioned to facilitate the development of MOFs for efficient CO2 conversion.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Exploring the synergistic effect of B-N doped defective graphdiyne for N2 fixation

Jingeng Cao et al.

Summary: The study suggests that BN@GDY electrocatalyst shows higher catalytic efficiency for nitrogen reduction compared to single B-doped electrocatalysts, with a significant decrease in overpotential and effective suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, demonstrating high selectivity towards NRR.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Heterojunction photocatalysts for artificial nitrogen fixation: fundamentals, latest advances and future perspectives

Jiale Lee et al.

Summary: Ammonia, an essential energy source in agriculture and various industries, can be produced through photocatalytic nitrogen fixation which offers a low-energy and sustainable approach compared to the traditional Haber-Bosch process. Heterostructured photocatalysts, composed of semiconductor materials with interfaces, show promising performances and substantial potential in nitrogen reduction. The review evaluates a wide range of recently developed heterostructured photocatalysts and discusses the fundamental principles and modification strategies for solar-to-ammonia conversion.

NANOSCALE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

The application and improvement of TiO2 (titanate) based nanomaterials for the photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2 and N2 into useful products

Hejie Zheng et al.

Summary: This review discusses the photoelectrochemical transformation of atmospheric CO2 and N-2 into industrial products on TiO2 and TiO2 composite photoelectrodes, highlighting the differences in mechanisms despite similarities in electrode materials and configuration of reaction systems. Various examples of PEC reduction at TiO2 and titanate-based semiconductor photoelectrodes are introduced, with challenges outlined and new approaches proposed for improving PEC properties.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electroreduction of nitrogen to ammonia on nanoporous gold

Haibin Ma et al.

Summary: The electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia is a potential alternative to traditional methods, but efficiency remains a challenge. Three-dimensional nanoporous gold has been identified as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for this reaction, offering high yields at low potentials.

NANOSCALE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photoelectrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 under ambient conditions through hierarchical MoSe2@g-C3N4 heterojunctions

Muhammad Asim Mushtaq et al.

Summary: The hybrid MoSe2@g-C3N4 micro/nanostructures described in this study serve as efficient photoelectrochemical catalysts for fixing N-2 into NH3. The high activity is attributed to the hierarchical architecture, light-harvesting capability, tunable active sites, and formation of heterojunctions at the interface.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cleavage of the N N Triple Bond and Unpredicted Formation of the Cyclic 1,3-Diaza-2,4-Diborete (FB)(2)N-2 from N-2 and Fluoroborylene BF

Bing Xu et al.

Summary: The cleavage of the triple bond of N-2 by fluoroborylene was successfully achieved in a low-temperature N-2 matrix, resulting in the formation of novel species characterized by their matrix infrared spectra and quantum-chemical calculations. The puckered four-membered-ring B2N2 complex shows a delocalized aromatic two-electron p-system in conjugation with the exo-cyclic fluorine pi lone pairs, which may contribute to a rational design of catalysts based on borylene for artificial dinitrogen activation.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lattice Distortion in Hollow Multi-Shelled Structures for Efficient Visible Light CO2 Reduction with a SnS2/SnO2 Junction

Feifei You et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Surface Engineering of g-C3N4 by Stacked BiOBr Sheets Rich in Oxygen Vacancies for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance

Dongni Liu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Using Plasmon-Enhanced Black Silicon under Ambient Conditions

Bo Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia with Black Phosphorus

Danni Liu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

The Journey toward Low Temperature, Low Pressure Catalytic Nitrogen Fixation

Run Shi et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Photoelectrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia on Cupric and Cuprous Oxide Photocathodes

Youn Jeong Jang et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synergistic Effect of Fe Doping and Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles on W18O49 Nanorods for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Nitrogen Reduction

Manh-Hiep Vu et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Photocathode functionalized with a molecular cobalt catalyst for selective carbon dioxide reduction in water

Palas Baran Pati et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Alkali Etching of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic N2 Reduction to NH3

Yunxuan Zhao et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tailoring the properties of g-C3N4 with CuO for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methanol

Xiao Xia Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pair sites for enhanced photofixation of nitrogen

Yue Ran et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Ruthenium

Yao Yao et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction with a Rhenium Organometallic Redox Mediator at Semiconductor/Aqueous Liquid Junction Interfaces

Sang Youn Chae et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2019)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

An Fe2O3 nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide composite for ambient electrocatalytic N2 reduction to NH3

Jian Li et al.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Fe-Doped BiOCl Nanosheets with Light-Switchable Oxygen Vacancies for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation

Nan Zhang et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Promoted Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen with Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Plasmon-Enhanced TiO2 Photoelectrodes

Chengcheng Li et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Ambient Electrosynthesis of Ammonia: Electrode Porosity and Composition Engineering

Hong Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Creating Hierarchical Pores by Controlled Linker Thermolysis in Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks

Liang Feng et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nitrogen fixation and reduction at boron

Marc-Andre Legare et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Activating Titania for Efficient Electrocatalysis by Vacancy Engineering

Haifeng Feng et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Rational Electrode-Electrolyte Design for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis under Ambient Conditions

Bryan H. R. Suryanto et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanistic Insights into Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction on Vanadium Nitride Nanoparticles

Xuan Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metal-Free Single Atom Catalyst for N2 Fixation Driven by Visible Light

Chongyi Ling et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Boron-Doped Graphene for Electrocatalytic N-2 Reduction

Xiaomin Yu et al.

Editorial Material Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis-The Selectivity Challenge

Aayush R. Singh et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Tuning Multimetallic Ordered Intermetallic Nanocrystals for Efficient Energy Electrocatalysis

Mingchuan Luo et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2017)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Mo2C/N-doped carbon nanowires as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Xiang Li et al.

MATERIALS LETTERS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

1,1-Hydroboration and a Borane Adduct of Diphenyldiazomethane: A Potential Prelude to FLP-N2 Chemistry

Connie Tang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Borylenes: An Emerging Class of Compounds

Michele Soleilhavoup et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Dinitrogen Conversion to Ammonia Using Water and Visible Light through Plasmon-induced Charge Separation

Tomoya Oshikiri et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Catalytic Reduction of N2 to N2H4 by a Simple Fe Complex

Peter J. Hill et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Enabling electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia at ambient conditions through rational catalyst design

Younes Abghoui et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Semiconductor Composites: Strategies for Enhancing Charge Carrier Separation to Improve Photocatalytic Activity

Roland Marschall

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Plasmon-Induced Ammonia Synthesis through Nitrogen Photofixation with Visible Light Irradiation

Tomoya Oshikiri et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots with Oxygen-Rich Functional Groups

Yan Li et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Physics, Applied

Black nonreflecting silicon surfaces for solar cells

S Koynov et al.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2006)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts for visible response prepared by using organic compounds

Y Nosaka et al.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS (2005)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia at a single molybdenum center

DV Yandulov et al.

SCIENCE (2003)