Astrophysical implications of an eternal homogeneous gravitational collapse model with a parametrization of expansion scalar

In this study, we continue our previous work (Annu et al. 2023) by introducing a novel parametrization of the expansion scalar Theta as a rational function of time t. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of a homogeneous gravitational collapsing system, wherein the exact solutions of the Einstein field equations (EFEs) are determined using a new parametrization of Theta in a model-independent way. The model is especially significant for the astrophysical applications because we have addressed the physical and geometrical quantities of the model in terms of Schwarzschild massM. We have estimated the numerical value of the model parameter involved in the functional form of Theta-parametrization using the masses and radii data of somemassive stars namely, Westerhout 49-2, BAT99-98, R136a1, R136a2, WR 24, Pismis 24-1, lambda Cephei, alpha Camelopardalis, ss Canis Majoris. We have presented theoretical investigations about such astrophysical stellar systems. The formation of an apparent horizon is also studied for the collapsing system, and it has been shown that our model produces a continuing collapsing scenario of star (an eternal collapsing object).

Automated summary

In this study, a new parametrization of the expansion scalar Theta, as a rational function of time t, is introduced to analyze a homogeneous gravitational collapsing system. The exact solutions of the Einstein field equations (EFEs) are determined in a model-independent way using this new parametrization. The model is particularly important for astrophysical applications as it relates the physical and geometrical quantities of the system to the Schwarzschild mass M. The numerical value of the model parameter involved in the functional form of the Theta-parametrization is estimated using masses and radii data of massive stars. The study also explores the formation of an apparent horizon in the collapsing system, showing that the model produces a continuing collapsing scenario of a star.