4.7 Review

Efficient strategies for promoting the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2+products over Cu-based catalysts

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A hierarchically structured tin-cobalt composite with an enhanced electronic effect for high-performance CO2 electroreduction in a wide potential range

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Summary: In this study, a composite of a bimetallic Sn-Co oxide/carbon matrix with a hollow nanotube structure was prepared using an electrospinning technique. The SnCo-HNT showed high faradaic efficiencies for C1 products over a wide potential range and a high selectivity towards CO. The synergistic effect of the Sn/Co composition improved the electron affinity of the catalyst surface, leading to enhanced catalytic activity in CO2 electroreduction.

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Synergy between isolated Fe and Co sites accelerates oxygen evolution

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Summary: Dual-metal catalysts with Fe-Co sites coordinated with nitrogen in graphene exhibits high efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The FeN4 site has lower OER overpotential due to appropriate adsorption energy of OOH* on the former, while the O* adsorbed on the adjacent Co site could stabilize the OOH* on the FeN4 site through hydrogen bond interaction.

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Recent advances in the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based nanocatalysts for direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added chemicals

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Boosting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate via carbon nanofiber encapsulated bismuth nanoparticles with ultrahigh mass activity

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Summary: In this study, Bi/CNFs-900 catalyst was prepared using electrospinning techniques, and it demonstrated excellent performance and stability in CO2 electro-reduction, producing formate with high efficiency and current density.

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Synergy between isolated Fe and Co sites accelerates oxygen evolution

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NANO RESEARCH (2023)

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Scalable Gas Diffusion Electrode Fabrication for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Using Physical Vapor Deposition Methods

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Summary: This study systematically investigated the effect of thickness and morphology of Cu catalyst coatings on electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) performance. The results showed that electron beam (EB) Cu outperformed magnetron-sputtered (MS) Cu in terms of current density, selectivity, and energy efficiency, with 400 nm thick catalyst coatings performing the best. The superior performance of EB-Cu catalysts was attributed to their faceted surface morphology and sharper Cu/gas diffusion layer interface.

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Rational design of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction for a zero-carbon network

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Accelerating CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric-Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles

Baopeng Yang et al.

Summary: Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions. This study presents a generic strategy to enhance the local electric field and temperature simultaneously, significantly improving the catalytic ability of copper nanoneedles and resulting in improved C-2 production.

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Vertical Cu Nanoneedle Arrays Enhance the Local Electric Field Promoting C2 Hydrocarbons in the CO2 Electroreduction

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Multifunctional Photoelectroactive Platform for CO2 Reduction toward C2+ Products-Programmable Selectivity with a Bioinspired Polymer Coating

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Anode Catalysts in CO2 Electrolysis: Challenges and Untapped Opportunities

Aprimedam Vass et al.

Summary: The field of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction has seen rapid development, while the role of the anodic half-reaction has received less attention. This Perspective examines reports on the best-performing CO2 electrolyzer cells from the past 5 years to understand the significance of the anodic oxygen evolution catalyst. Factors affecting high performance and long lifetime are identified, and criteria for anode catalysts to achieve high performance are provided. Alternative anode reactions are also considered for high-value products and improved energy efficiency.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products through Cuy/CeO2 Interface Engineering

Jinlong Yin et al.

Summary: This study achieved efficient electroreduction of CO2 by decorating Cu on CeO2 and controlling the selectivity of products. The dependence of reduction pathway on the relative ratio of the low-frequency band *COLFB to the high-frequency band *COHFB was revealed using in situ infrared and Raman spectroscopy, providing a theoretical basis for the design of heterostructured catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Bimetallic Cu-Zn Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Phase-Separated versus Core-Shell Distribution

Lili Wan et al.

Summary: This study investigates the performance of two types of Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts with different structures in electrochemical CO2 reduction. The phase-separated sample exhibits higher activity and stability in reducing CO2 to CO compared to the core-shell sample. Density functional theory calculation reveals a lower energy barrier and a more thermodynamically stable state in the phase-separated sample.

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Boosting CH4 selectivity in CO2 electroreduction using a metallacycle-based porous crystal with biomimetic adaptive cavities

Xin Wang et al.

Summary: A metallacycle-based porous crystal was synthesized for selective electroconversion of CO2 to CH4. The metallacycle module features open metal sites and can act as a nano-reactor to mimic enzymatic cavity, enabling high selectivity in CO2 conversion.

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Influence of the PTFE Membrane Thickness on the CO2 Electroreduction Performance of Sputtered Cu-PTFE Gas Diffusion Electrodes

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Summary: This study reveals key aspects for fabricating high-performance PTFE-based gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for CO2 electroreduction (CO2R). The stability of the metal catalyst film and the thickness of the PTFE membrane play important roles in electrode performance.

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Preanodized Cu Surface for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C1 or C2+ Products

Chang Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, an effective regulation of CO2 reduction paths was demonstrated through preanodization treatment of Cu foil electrodes in different electrolytes. The rational control of the CO2 reduction path through engineering of the Cu surface structure was highlighted.

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Flexible Cuprous Triazolate Frameworks as Highly Stable and Efficient Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction with Tunable C2H4/CH4 Selectivity

Lin-Ling Zhuo et al.

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Real-Time In Situ Monitoring of CO2 Electroreduction in the Liquid and Gas Phases by Coupled Mass Spectrometry and Localized Electrochemistry

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Summary: This work presents a custom-built gas accessible membrane electrode (GAME) system for studying the mechanism and dynamics of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The GAME system achieved high reduction currents by creating a three-phase boundary interface equipped with an efficient gas-circulation pathway. It also allowed for real-time and in situ product characterization using various analytical techniques.

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Reconstructing Cu Nanoparticle Supported on Vertical Graphene Surfaces via Electrochemical Treatment to Tune the Selectivity of CO2 Reduction toward Valuable Products

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Stabilization of Undercoordinated Cu Sites in Strontium Copper Oxides for Enhanced Formation of C2+Products in ElectrochemicalCO2 Reduction

Xiao Kun Lu et al.

Summary: The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is a promising method for generating renewable fuels and commodities using renewable energy. By tuning the properties of copper oxide, the stability of undercoordinated and higher-valence-state copper sites can be improved, thereby enhancing ECO2RR performance.

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Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products on heterostructured Cu/oxide electrodes

Xiaotong Li et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that metal oxide-modified Cu electrodes can enhance the formation of C2+ products and reduce the energy barrier for CO2 electroreduction, accelerating the conversion of CO2 into high-value products.
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A Porous p-p Stacking Framework with Dicopper(I) Sites and Adjacent Proton Relays for Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products

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Summary: In this study, a stable pi-pi stacking framework was reported for electrochemical CO2 reduction, showing impressive performance with high Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products. In-situ infrared spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and control experiments revealed the mechanism of hydrogenation and C-C coupling in this framework.

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Summary: Scientists have discovered that using inorganic nickel oxygenate-derived electrocatalysts can efficiently convert CO2 into C-3 to C-6 hydrocarbons, with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 6.5%. This is in contrast to metallic nickel, which shows little to no activity. The study reveals that atom polarization is key in preventing nickel poisoning and enabling the reduction of CO2 into valuable products.

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2022)

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Design strategies for markedly enhancing energy efficiency in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction

Wenchuan Lai et al.

Summary: This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the energy efficiency (EE) in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The fundamental principles and recent strategies for achieving high EE are discussed, with a focus on electrocatalysts and system design. The emerging integrated electrolysis is highlighted as a promising approach to enhance the EE and economic benefits of the CO2RR. Future research opportunities in this field are also outlined.

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Unveiling the active sites of ultrathin Co-Fe layered double hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction

Xue Bai et al.

Summary: This study presents a facile method for synthesizing ultrathin CoFe-based LDHs and reveals their high performance in OER. The Co site is identified as the main active center, and the doping of Fe accelerates the charge-transfer process. Surface Co sites are found to be the active centers for OER, while excessive subsurface Fe doping weakens OH* adsorption and increases the energy barrier of the rate-determining step.

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MXenes for electrocatalysis applications: Modification and hybridization

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Iodide-mediated Cu catalyst restructuring during CO2 electroreduction

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Summary: In this study, the impact of iodide treatment on the selectivity and morphology of Cu island arrays in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 was investigated. Results from electrochemical transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Cu islands transformed into tetrahedral CuI and formed 3-dimensional chains of copper nanoparticles under CO2RR conditions. The findings demonstrate the significant influence of iodide on the prevailing morphologies during CO2RR.

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Scalable preparation of a CuO nanosheet array via corrosion engineering for selective C-C coupling in CO2 electroreduction

Mang Wang et al.

Summary: Copper has been the only monometallic catalyst with substantial selectivity and productivity for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) so far. However, it remains a significant challenge to prepare highly efficient Cu electrodes on a large scale for industrial application. Further understanding of the structure-activity relationship of electrodes used in the ECO2RR is crucial for designing efficient Cu electrodes, but research in this area is currently lacking.

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Single atom-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction

Qian Sun et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the fabrication, application, and characterization methods of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and molecular catalysts for CO2 electroreduction. Strategies for overcoming the issues of particle agglomeration, low metal loading, and difficulty in large-scale production of SACs, as well as the moderate activity, selectivity, and stability of molecular catalysts, are highlighted. Future directions for the development of SACs and molecular catalysts are pointed out.

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Crystal facet effect induced by different pretreatment of Cu2O nanowire electrode for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to C2+ products

Yang Fu et al.

Summary: This study investigates the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction process and the importance of morphology and crystal facet control in obtaining desired products. Cu catalysts derived from Cu2O nanowires are shown to exhibit high efficiency for C2+ products, particularly those with Cu(100) crystal facets.

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Integration of ultrafine CuO nanoparticles with two-dimensional MOFs for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene

Linlin Wang et al.

Summary: To facilitate the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels and valuable chemicals, the development of active, low-cost, and selective catalysts is crucial. In this study, a novel catalyst consisting of CuO nanoparticles anchored on Cu-MOF nanosheets was reported. The catalyst exhibited efficient CO2 conversion to ethylene with high faradaic efficiency and demonstrated stability and high power conversion efficiency. The excellent electrocatalytic performance was attributed to the interface between CuO and Cu-MOF and the unique structure of Cu-MOF.

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Electric-field promoted C-C coupling over Cu nanoneedles for CO2 electroreduction to C2 products

HuangJingWei Li et al.

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Customizable CO2 Electroreduction to C-1 or C-2(+) Products through Cu-y/CeO2 Interface Engineering

Jinlong Yin et al.

Summary: Cu-decorated CeO2 composites were synthesized through a controllable method, leading to enhanced CO2 electroreduction efficiency and selectivity by adjusting the Cu loading. In situ infrared and Raman spectroscopy provided insights into the reduction pathway.

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Controllable CO adsorption determines ethylene and methane productions from CO2 electroreduction

Haipeng Bai et al.

Summary: Methane and ethylene are two typical and valuable hydrocarbon products in CO2 electroreduction, formed via hydrogenation and dimerization reactions of the same CO intermediate. The adsorption configurations of the CO intermediate on the catalyst surface determine the reaction pathways towards CH4/C2H4. The study successfully synthesized copper nanocatalysts with controllable surface structures, achieving high hydrocarbon selectivity towards either CH4 (83%) or C2H4 (93%).

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Controlling the Surface Oxidation of Cu Nanowires Improves Their Catalytic Selectivity and Stability toward C2+ Products in CO2 Reduction

Zhiheng Lyu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that controlling the surface oxidation of copper nanowires can greatly improve their C2+ selectivity and stability in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. The formation of a relatively thick, smooth oxide sheath can increase surface roughness and generate defects and cavities, leading to high yields of C2+ products and improved catalytic stability.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Molecular-Scale Insights into Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Hydrophobically Modified Cu Surfaces

Shijia Mu et al.

Summary: This research reveals the mechanism of improvement in CO2 reduction reaction using hydrophobically molecule-modified catalysts, showing that these molecules reduce the dissociation of H2O, leading to a decreased H+ source for the HER and increased selectivity in CO2RR.

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Coupling of Cu(100) and (110) Facets Promotes Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Alcohols

Dazhong Zhong et al.

Summary: By utilizing the facet effect of copper crystals, this study achieves a high Faradaic efficiency and large partial current density towards C2+ products. When coupled with a Si solar cell, record-high solar conversion efficiencies for C2H4 and C2+ products are obtained.

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Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd-Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction

Zhiheng Lyu et al.

Summary: This study successfully synthesized Pd-Cu Janus nanocrystals with controlled shapes, showing superior catalytic performance in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Insights obtained in this work could guide the rational design and fabrication of bimetallic nanocrystals with desired properties for catalytic applications in the future.

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhance the activity of multi-carbon products for Cu via P doping towards CO2 reduction

Xiangdong Kong et al.

Summary: By doping Cu catalysts with P to regulate the surface electronic structure, the activity for C2+ products in CO2 electroreduction can be enhanced, leading to higher Faradaic efficiency and partial current density.

SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2021)

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The nature of active sites for carbon dioxide electroreduction over oxide-derived copper catalysts

Dongfang Cheng et al.

Summary: This study reveals the active sites for CO2 electroreduction over oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) catalysts, identifying square-like sites responsible for specific products. Planar and convex square sites are found to be responsible for ethylene production, while the step square site favors alcohols generation, providing fundamental insights into the origin of activity and selectivity over Cu-based catalysts.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Enhancing carbon dioxide gas-diffusion electrolysis by creating a hydrophobic catalyst microenvironment

Zhuo Xing et al.

Summary: The study found that a hydrophobic microenvironment can significantly enhance CO2 gas-diffusion electrolysis efficiency. Furthermore, a balanced gas/liquid microenvironment can reduce the diffusion layer thickness, accelerate CO2 mass transport, and increase CO2 local concentration for electrolysis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydrophobic Copper Interfaces Boost Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene in Water

Hong-Qing Liang et al.

Summary: In this study, the effect of the electrode-electrolyte interface on CO2 reduction in water was investigated by coating CuO electrodes with polymers of varying hydrophilicities/phobicities. Results showed that hydrophobic polymers significantly enhanced the activity, selectivity, and stability of CuO-derived electrodes. This improvement in catalytic performance may be attributed to restricted water diffusion and a higher local pH near the electrode surface caused by hydrophobic polymers.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical CO2-to-ethylene conversion on polyamine-incorporated Cu electrodes

Xinyi Chen et al.

Summary: A Cu-polyamine hybrid catalyst was developed to significantly enhance the selectivity for ethylene production in CO2 electrochemical conversion. Incorporating polyamine altered surface reactivity, leading to improved product selectivity at high current densities.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Residual Chlorine Induced Cationic Active Species on a Porous Copper Electrocatalyst for Highly Stable Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+

Minhan Li et al.

Summary: In this study, a chlorine-doped porous copper electrocatalyst with high C2+ Faradaic efficiency was developed, showing outstanding catalytic stability over a long-term period. The stable cationic Cu-0/Cu+ species induced by chlorine and the well-preserved structure with abundant active sites were found critical to achieving high FE of C2+ in electrochemical CO2 reduction over time.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hierarchical Metal-Polymer Hybrids for Enhanced CO2 Electroreduction

Shuaiqiang Jia et al.

Summary: The study presents a novel method for synthesizing 3D hierarchical metal/polymer-carbon paper electrodes through in situ electrosynthesis, which can efficiently reduce CO2 to desired products depending on the metal used. The critical factors for the excellent performance are the 3D hierarchical structure of the metals and the in situ formation of the electrodes.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selectivity Map for the Late Stages of CO and CO2 Reduction to C2 Species on Copper Electrodes

Oriol Pique et al.

Summary: The study explores the electrochemical CO and CO2 reduction reactions using copper catalysts and renewable electricity as a carbon-neutral route to produce commodity chemicals and fuels. By investigating the reduction of ethylene oxide as a proxy to late stages of CORR to ethylene, the mechanisms and structure sensitivity of Cu electrodes toward C-2 products are revealed.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Interface engineering of Mo8/Cu heterostructures toward highly selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into acetate

Dejin Zang et al.

Summary: This study presents an interface engineering strategy to enhance the efficiency of CO2RR towards acetate formation by modifying copper nanocubes with polyoxometalate. The Cu-O-Mo interface model provides insight for the rational design of earth-abundant metal based electrocatalysts for CO2RR and other renewable energy conversions.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials

Andrew N. Kuhn et al.

Summary: Copper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon products, with this study presenting the synthesis and catalytic study of silver-coated copper nanoparticles. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst showed a low onset potential for ethylene formation and a high FE towards C2+ products, demonstrating potential for efficient CO2 electroreduction.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sub-Second Time-Resolved Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Dynamic CO Intermediates during Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper

Hongyu An et al.

Summary: The study successfully monitored the process of carbon dioxide reduction to hydrocarbons using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, and found that anodic treatment and surface oxide reduction of the copper electrode can improve CO2RR efficiency and time resolution.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controllable Cu0-Cu+ Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Xintong Yuan et al.

Summary: This study aims to enhance the CO2ER performance by increasing the synergism of Cu-0-Cu+ pairs, where Cu-0 activates CO2 molecules and facilitates electron transfer, while Cu+ strengthens *CO adsorption to further promote C-C coupling.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Tricycloquinazoline-Based 2D Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks as Promising Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction

Jingjuan Liu et al.

Summary: 2D conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) based on nitrogen-rich tricycloquinazoline (TQ) ligands show promise as efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), with Cu-3(HHTQ)(2) exhibiting superior catalytic activity and selectivity for CH3OH production. The performance of the catalyst is strongly influenced by the choice of metal centers and nitrogen-rich ligands.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of a Boron-Imidazolate Framework Nanosheet with Dimer Copper Units for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene

Ping Shao et al.

Summary: Understanding the relationship between structure and composition and the catalytic activity in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is crucial for the design of efficient electrocatalysts. Catalysts featuring Cl-bridged Cu-2 units have been shown to enhance selectivity and activity for C2H4, with neighboring Cu monomers acting as regulators and providing different reaction paths.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products over a Copper-Copper Iodide Catalyst

Hefei Li et al.

Summary: The study successfully designed a Cu-CuI composite catalyst that achieves high-efficiency production of C2+ products.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Strong interactions of metal-support for efficient reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene

Dongxing Tan et al.

Summary: The Cu/CeO2 nanotubes catalyst shows high efficiency in electrochemical reduction of CO2 and solar-driven CO2 splitting reaction, attributed to the synergistic effects from the formation of inseparable interface structure between Cu and CeO2.

NANO ENERGY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Tailored catalyst microenvironments for CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products on copper using bilayer ionomer coatings

Chanyeon Kim et al.

Summary: The authors investigated and optimized the microenvironment near the copper catalyst surface using bilayer ionomer coatings to improve the efficiency of CO2 reduction. By tailoring the microenvironment and coupling it with pulsed electrolysis, higher local CO2/H2O ratio and pH values are achieved, leading to selective C2+ production.

NATURE ENERGY (2021)

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Selectivity Control of Cu Nanocrystals in a Gas-Fed Flow Cell through CO2 Pulsed Electroreduction

Hyo Sang Jeon et al.

Summary: This study utilized a pulsed CO2 electroreduction reaction approach to adjust product distribution in a gas-fed flow cell for industrially relevant current densities. By comparing the selectivity of Cu catalysts under potentiostatic and pulsed electrolysis conditions, it was found that the enhanced product selectivity in the latter case can be attributed to structural modifications and local pH effects. The differences in catalyst selectivity were observed to influence the formation of specific products, such as C-2 and CH4, through morphological reconstruction and consumption of OH - species near the catalyst surface.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hierarchical Copper with Inherent Hydrophobicity Mitigates Electrode Flooding for High-Rate CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products

Zhuang-Zhuang Niu et al.

Summary: The study focuses on designing a copper catalyst inspired by nature, with sufficient hydrophobicity and a unique hierarchical structure, to enhance the efficiency and stability of the CO2 reduction electrode.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Metalloporphyrin Encapsulation for Enhanced Conversion of CO2 to C2H4

Tingting Yan et al.

Summary: The study presents a molecular encapsulation strategy to enhance the efficiency of CO2 conversion into C2H4, providing a new approach for the design of high-performance Cu catalysts. The metalloporphyrin-decorated Cu catalysts demonstrated superior performance in C2H4 yield and reduction reaction overpotentials.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Selective Tandem Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene over Atomically Isolated Nickel-Nitrogen Site/Copper Nanoparticle Catalysts

Dong-Li Meng et al.

Summary: An effective tandem catalysis strategy was developed to improve the selectivity of CO2RR towards C2H4, using multiple distinct catalytic sites in local vicinity. A tandem electrocatalyst PTF(Ni)/Cu was constructed, which significantly enhanced the Faradaic efficiency of C2H4 to 57.3% at -1.1 V versus RHE. Experimental and theoretical results showed that the local high concentration of CO generated by PTF(Ni) sites facilitated the C-C coupling on nearby Cu NP sites to form C2H4.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Cu2O-derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene

Wenwen Lin et al.

Summary: This study developed a highly efficient heterostructured catalyst, where the interaction between metal and carbon nitride improved electrical conductivity and charge transfer processes, significantly enhancing the selectivity of hydrocarbons in CO2 electroreduction while effectively suppressing H2 evolution.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Comprehensive Mechanism of CO2 Electroreduction toward Ethylene and Ethanol: The Solvent Effect from Explicit WaterCu(100) Interface Models

Jirapat Santatiwongchai et al.

Summary: This study presents a comprehensive CO2 electro-reduction mechanism on a Cu(100) surface using density functional theory simulations, revealing various favorable alternative pathways and elucidating each step of the CO2 conversion to CO process. The results offer guidance on tuning the selectivity of ethylene and ethanol, and provide insights into the solvent effect on intermediates involved in CO2 electroreduction.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

The Role of Roughening to Enhance Selectivity to C2+ Products during CO2 Electroreduction on Copper

Joseph A. Gauthier et al.

Summary: This research theoretically studied the role of roughened copper electrodes in the CO2 electroreduction process, revealing a potential mechanism for enhancing selectivity to C2+ products on copper. Design rules were proposed to maximize selectivity based on the findings.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and CO to multi-carbon compounds over Cu-based catalysts

Wenchao Ma et al.

Summary: This tutorial review explores the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O to multi-carbon (C2+) compounds, focusing on the similarities and differences in the electrocatalytic CO2 and CO reduction reactions (CO2RR and CORR) into C2+ compounds over Cu-based catalysts. It discusses fundamental aspects, reaction mechanisms, efficient catalysts, and key factors determining selectivity, activity, and stability. Opportunities, challenges, and future trends in the electrocatalytic CO2RR and CORR are also highlighted for the synthesis of C2+ olefins and oxygenates.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Applied

Improving the performance of metal-organic frameworks for thermo-catalytic CO2 conversion: Strategies and perspectives

Leiduan Hao et al.

Summary: Researchers are exploring the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts for CO2 conversion, investigating the relationship between structure and properties, and proposing design strategies to improve catalytic performance. They emphasize pathways to enrich catalytic active sites in MOF structures and discuss synergistic effects between active sites.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Regulating the oxidation state of nanomaterials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Zhi-Zheng Wu et al.

Summary: Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) converts CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels, addressing renewable energy shortage and environmental pollution. Regulating the oxidation state of catalysts has been identified as an effective method for designing high-performing CO2RR catalysts that can influence catalyst activity and selectivity.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The role of atomic carbon in directing electrochemical CO(2) reduction to multicarbon products

Hongjie Peng et al.

Summary: By combining density functional theory and micro-kinetic modeling, we identified the critical steps for forming C-2 products on copper and elucidated the importance of atomic carbon in guiding C2+ selectivity. We proposed two simple thermodynamic descriptors that effectively determine C2+ selectivity on metal catalysts, providing a clear protocol for screening materials that selectively catalyze CO(2) to C2+ products.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion

Fengwang Li et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Selective Production of Ethylene by the Electroreduction of Carbon Monoxide

Ruixue Chen et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controlling the Oxidation State of the Cu Electrode and Reaction Intermediates for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene

Tsu-Chin Chou et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Investigating the Origin of Enhanced C2+ Selectivity in Oxide-/Hydroxide-Derived Copper Electrodes during CO2 Electroreduction

Qiong Lei et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CO2 electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm-2

F. Pelayo Garcia de Arquer et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stability and Degradation Mechanisms of Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Stefan Popovic et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethane through Stabilization of an Ethoxy Intermediate

Anthony Vasileff et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Revealing the Predominant Surface Facets of Rough Cu Electrodes under Electrochemical Conditions

Charuni M. Gunathunge et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Protecting Copper Oxidation State via Intermediate Confinement for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Fuels

Peng-Peng Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

In Situ/Operando Studies for Designing Next-Generation Electrocatalysts

Yanping Zhu et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Non-Innocent Role of Porous Carbon Toward Enhancing C(2-3 )Products in the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide

Xu Han et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Wei Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets

Bingxing Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Molten Salt Treated Cu Foam Catalyst for Selective Electrochemical CO2Reduction Reaction

Sanzhao Song et al.

CHEMISTRYSELECT (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Formation of C-C bonds during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on non-copper electrodes

Yansong Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Time-resolved observation of C-C coupling intermediates on Cu electrodes for selective electrochemical CO2 reduction

Younghye Kim et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Stable Surface-Anchored Cu Nanocubes for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene

Siyu Kuang et al.

ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Ag nanoparticle embedded Cu nanoporous hybrid arrays for the selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 towards ethylene

Liang Hou et al.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical CO2 reduction on nanostructured metal electrodes: fact or defect?

Recep Kas et al.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Insights into the carbon balance for CO2 electroreduction on Cu using gas diffusion electrode reactor designs

Ming Ma et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Electrochemistry

The role of malachite nanorods for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 hydrocarbons

Mariana Spodaryk et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical Fragmentation of Cu2O Nanoparticles Enhancing Selective C-C Coupling from CO2 Reduction Reaction

Hyejin Jung et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Branched Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Highly Selective Ethylene Production by Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Jinmo Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Understanding the Roadmap for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Oxygenates and Hydrocarbons on Copper-Based Catalysts

Yao Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cu oxide/ZnO-based surfaces for a selective ethylene production from gas-phase CO2 electroconversion

Ivan Merino-Garcia et al.

JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte

Stephanie Nitopi et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2019)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling

Michael B. Ross et al.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Selective carbon dioxide electroreduction to ethylene and ethanol by core-shell copper/cuprous oxide

Longmei Shang et al.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Bio-inspired hydrophobicity promotes CO2 reduction on a Cu surface

David Wakerley et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene and Multicarbon Alcohols via Electrolyte-Driven Nanostructuring

Dunfeng Gao et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Dan Ren et al.

CHIMIA (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cu3N Nanocubes for Selective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene

Zhouyang Yin et al.

NANO LETTERS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Silver/Copper Interface for Relay Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene

Jiaqi Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Structural Sensitivities in Bimetallic Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Revealed by Ag-Cu Nanodimers

Jianfeng Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Role of the Copper Oxidation State in the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into Valuable Hydrocarbons

Juan Jesus Velasco-Velez et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: A New Paradigm

Drew Higgins et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Enhanced CO2 electroreduction performance over Cl-modified metal catalysts

Huai Qin Fu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

CO2 reduction on gas-diffusion electrodes and why catalytic performance must be assessed at commercially-relevant conditions

Thomas Burdyny et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cu nanowire- catalyzed electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2+

Hongyi Zhang et al.

NANOSCALE (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Mass transport modelling for the electroreduction of CO2 on Cu nanowires

David Raciti et al.

NANOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective CO2 reduction to C-3 and C-4 oxyhydrocarbons on nickel phosphides at overpotentials as low as 10 mV

Karin U. D. Calvinho et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2018)

Article Engineering, Chemical

General Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Electrolysis Systems

Matthew Jouny et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mixed Copper States in Anodized Cu Electrocatalyst for Stable and Selective Ethylene Production from CO2 Reduction

Si Young Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanoporous Copper Silver Alloys by Additive-Controlled Electrodeposition for the Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Ethylene and Ethanol

Thao T. H. Hoang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Electrochemistry

Local pH Effect in the CO2 Reduction Reaction on High-Surface-Area Copper Electrocatalysts

David Raciti et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO2 reduction to C-2 hydrocarbons

Yansong Zhou et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechanism of CO2 Reduction at Copper Surfaces: Pathways to C2 Products

Alejandro J. Garza et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Understanding heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction through operando techniques

Albertus D. Handoko et al.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

What Should We Make with CO2 and How Can We Make It?

Oleksandr S. Bushuyev et al.

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode

Ki Dong Yang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu-Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns

Sichao Ma et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Detection of CO2•- in the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in N,N-Dimethylformamide by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Tianhan Kai et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Molecular Scaffolding Strategy with Synergistic Active Centers To Facilitate Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbon/Alcohol

Yan Jiao et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cu metal embedded in oxidized matrix catalyst to promote CO2 activation and CO dimerization for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Hai Xiao et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Subsurface oxide plays a critical role in CO2 activation by Cu(111) surfaces to form chemisorbed CO2, the first step in reduction of CO2

Marco Favaro et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Full atomistic reaction mechanism with kinetics for CO reduction on Cu(100) from ab initio molecular dynamics free-energy calculations at 298 K

Tao Cheng et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Self-Cleaning Catalyst Electrodes for Stabilized CO2 Reduction to Hydrocarbons

Zhe Weng et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controllable Hydrocarbon Formation from the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 over Cu Nanowire Arrays

Ming Ma et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Theoretical Insights into a CO Dimerization Mechanism in CO2 Electroreduction

Joseph H. Montoya et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Impurity Ion Complexation Enhances Carbon Dioxide Reduction Catalysis

Anna Wuttig et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol on Transition Metal Surfaces

Kendra P. Kuhl et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Theoretical Considerations on the Electroreduction of CO to C2 Species on Cu(100) Electrodes

Federico Calle-Vallejo et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2013)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene: Mechanistic approach

Kotaro Ogura

JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Two Pathways for the Formation of Ethylene in CO Reduction on Single-Crystal Copper Electrodes

Klaas Jan P. Schouten et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Electrochemistry

Deactivation of copper electrode in electrochemical reduction of CO2

Y Hori et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2005)