Key elements of cellular senescence involve transcriptional repression of mitotic and DNA repair genes through the p53-p16/RB-E2F-DREAM complex

Cellular senescence is a dynamic stress response process that contributes to aging. From initiation to maintenance, senescent cells continuously undergo complex molecular changes and develop an altered transcriptome. Understanding how the molecular architecture of these cells evolve to sustain their nonproliferative state will open new therapeutic avenues to alleviate or delay the consequences of aging. Seeking to understand these molecular changes, we studied the transcriptomic profiles of endothelial replicationinduced senescence and senescence induced by the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha. We previously reported gene expressional pattern, pathways, and the mechanisms associated with upregulated genes during TNF-alpha induced senescence. Here, we extend our work and find downregulated gene signatures of both replicative and TNF-alpha senescence were highly overlapped, involving the decreased expression of several genes associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, recombination, repair, chromatin structure, cellular assembly, and organization. We identified multiple targets of p53/p16-RB-E2F-DREAM that are essential for proliferation, mitotic progression, resolving DNA damage, maintaining chromatin integrity, and DNA synthesis that were repressed in senescent cells. We show that repression of multiple target genes in the p53/p16-RB-E2F-DREAM pathway collectively contributes to the stability of the senescent arrest. Our findings show that the regulatory connection between DREAM and cellular senescence may play a potential role in the aging process.

Automated summary

Cellular senescence is a dynamic stress response process that contributes to aging. Understanding the molecular architecture of senescent cells and the changes they undergo will provide new therapeutic avenues to alleviate or delay the consequences of aging.