4.7 Review

Scope and significance of transition metal oxide nanomaterials for next-generation Li-ion batteries

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A kinetic study on cobalt-free high-nickel layered oxide cathode materials for practical lithium-ion batteries

Youngjin Kim et al.

Summary: The battery industry is actively reducing the use of cobalt in lithium-ion batteries due to its high price. Cobalt-free, high-nickel layered oxide cathodes have been extensively studied, but their low initial Coulombic efficiency and high residual lithium content hinder their commercialization. This study investigates the factors affecting the Coulombic efficiency of cobalt-free LiNiO2, including particle size, temperature, and current density. The hindrance of the H1-H1' phase transition is more significant with larger particle size, as shown by electrochemical analysis.

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Ryohei Mori

Summary: This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of lithium-sulfur battery technology from a fundamental perspective. It also focuses on the challenges of improving lithium-sulfur batteries through the use of alternative materials for cathode construction. Different alternative materials, such as metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, MXenes, graphene, quantum dots, and metal organic frameworks, are considered. The study suggests that by preparing cathodes with suitable materials and morphological structures, high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries can be achieved.

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A microcrack propagation-based life prediction model for lithium-ion batteries with Ni-rich cathode materials

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Summary: The accuracy of conventional battery life prediction models for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) with Ni-rich cathode materials is greatly reduced as the nickel content increases due to the neglect of degradation parameters such as crack formation and propagation. In this study, an advanced prediction model that includes both crack propagation and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth is proposed and verified using experimental data of over 50 commercial 18650 LiB cells. The proposed model predicts capacity retention values with less than 5% error, providing a standard solution for predicting the cycle life of LiBs with Ni-rich cathode materials even in practical operations.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2023)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Doped olivine LiMPO4 (M = Mn/Ni) derivatives as potential cathode materials for Lithium-ion batteries: a mini review

K. Rajammal et al.

Summary: Olivine LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Ni) cathode materials have attracted wide attention as potential cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their good structural properties, high potential, and specific capacity of up to 170 mAh g(-1). However, poor electronic and ionic conductivity hinders their application in electrochemical devices. This mini review focuses on the doping technique in LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Ni) cathode materials and discusses the enhanced performances based on physical and electrochemical characteristics, as well as a scalable application route.

IONICS (2023)

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Surface modification single crystal Li-rich Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 as high performance cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Changmei Jiao et al.

Summary: To enhance the electrochemical performance and structural stability of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, Li3PO4 surface modification and single crystallization are utilized. The results of electrochemical characterization indicate that the single crystal cathode material modified with Li3PO4 has excellent cycle stability and Li+ diffusion coefficient. Li-ion conductor Li3PO4 provides diffusion channels for Li+ migration and inhibits phase transition. Coating Li3PO4 on Li-rich cathode materials is an effective approach to improve their electrochemical performance and structure stability.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Gradient Single-Crystal Li-Rich Cathode Materials for High-Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tianhao Wu et al.

Summary: This study presents the design and synthesis of a concentration gradient single-crystal lithium-rich-layered oxide (GSC-LLO) for improved cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries. The GSC-LLO exhibited high capacity and energy density retention rates after 100 cycles, attributed to its stabilized structure, absence of cracks, and reduced formation of spinel-like structures. The gradient design also improved the thermal stability and reduced gas release, enhancing the safety of the material.

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Article Chemistry, Physical

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δ (LNMO) as Co-free cathode for lithium ion batteries via solution-gel synthesis: Particle size and morphology investigation

Fulya Ulu Okudur et al.

Summary: This study investigates the influence of pre-calcination temperature, time, and oven type on the particle size and morphology of LNMO powder, and subsequently on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. By optimizing the particle size and morphology of LNMO powder, superior initial discharge capacity and capacity retention can be achieved for Li vertical bar LNMO coin cells.

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Michael M. Thackeray et al.

Summary: This personal narrative highlights the discovery and evolution of stoichiometric LiM2O4 spinel electrodes and stable lithiated-spinel Li2M2O4 cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. It also discusses the competition between different structures and recent efforts in designing high-capacity cathodes. The paper pays tribute to John Goodenough on his 100th birthday.

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Single-Crystal LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging

Yanying Lu et al.

Summary: This study presents synthetic approaches to produce different morphologies of SC LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) samples and analyzes their performance. The results show that Poly-SC811 with a predominating (104) surface exhibits superior performance even under high charge rates, attributed to its better chemical and structural stabilities, faster Li+ diffusion kinetics, suppressed side reactions with electrolyte, and excellent cracking resistance.
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Enhance performances of Co-free Li-rich cathode by eutesctic melting salt treatment

He Zhao et al.

Summary: A novel eutectic melting salt treatment strategy was developed to improve the performance of cobalt-free iron-substituted Li-ion battery cathode materials by introducing a robust fluoride coating layer and functional doping. This approach effectively enhanced the electrochemical performance of the cathode, with negligible capacity loss, mitigated voltage fading, improved rate capability, and better thermal stability.

NANO ENERGY (2022)

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Synthesis of Single-Crystal LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 Materials for Li-Ion Batteries by a Sol-Gel Method

Jia Guo et al.

Summary: Single-crystal LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 prepared by sol-gel method exhibits better cyclic stability and safety compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. The single-crystal material also shows improved thermal stability and lower transition-metal dissolution, without the need for crushing or molten-salt addition during synthesis.

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Effects of Co/Mn Content Variation on Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Single-Crystal Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Longzhen You et al.

Summary: This study synthesized four kinds of single-crystal nickel-rich layered LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (S-NCMs) materials with different Co/Mn contents and investigated their structural, electrochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties. It was found that Co was more effective than Mn in enhancing intercalation/deintercalation kinetics and providing enhanced structural stability.

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Enhanced Cycling Performance of Fe-doped LiMn2O4 Truncated Octahedral Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Seong-Nam Lee et al.

Summary: Fe-doped truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathodes were synthesized in this study to improve the stability of LMO in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). The results showed that the Fe-doped LMO cathode with an appropriate amount of dopant exhibited the best LIB performance, with the highest Li+ ion diffusivity.

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Al-Doped Co-Free Layered-Spinel Mn/Ni Oxides as High-Capacity Cathode Materials for Advanced Li-Ion Batteries

Prasant Kumar Nayak et al.

Summary: Li- and Mn-rich layered-spinel integrated cathodes with Al doping exhibit high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, making them promising cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Highly Dispersed Micrometer Nickel-Rich Single-Crystal Construction: Benefits of Supercritical Reconstruction during Hydrothermal Synthesis

Yong Li et al.

Summary: In this study, Ni0.8C0.1Mn0.1(OH) precursors with hexagonal morphology were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, leading to the successful preparation of highly crystalline micrometer Ni-rich single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials with excellent dispersion at relatively lower calcination temperature and excess lithium ratio. These single-crystal cathode materials exhibited better initial capacity and excellent capacity retention compared to traditional commercial Ni-rich polycrystalline cathodes, showing promising potential for high-performance Li-storage structures.

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Extensive comparison of doping and coating strategies for Ni-rich positive electrode materials

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Kinetic Origin of Planar Gliding in Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Cathodes

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Summary: This study investigates the origin and evolution of the gliding phenomenon in single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes and reveals the forms of gliding, including discrete or continuous forms. It is demonstrated that the gliding process is the in-plane migration of transition metal ions, and reducing oxygen vacancies can restrain gliding and microcracking. The designed cathode with less oxygen deficiency exhibits outstanding cycling performance.

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Porosity Development at Li-Rich Layered Cathodes in All-Solid-State Battery during In Situ Delithiation

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Summary: In this study, two different types of porous structures in high-voltage lithium, manganese-rich layered cathodes are revealed, along with the significance of the interface between the cathode and electrolyte in solid-state batteries. Nanopores are found near the interface, while nanovoids are formed during in situ Li+ extraction. Despite the development of nanovoids, the layered structure is preserved.

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Structural Stability of Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode upon Delithiation

Gi-Mun Han et al.

Summary: Single-crystalline NCM cathodes are effective in countering interparticle cracking, but high nickel content SC cathodes may experience internal strain and microscopic cracking during the charging process.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2022)

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Mechanical Pulverization of Co-Free Nickel-Rich Cathodes for Improved High-Voltage Cycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ryan Brow et al.

Summary: Nickel-rich cathode materials, despite being a promising choice for electric vehicles, face challenges related to long-term cycle life retention and air stability. This study investigates the use of surface treatments, specifically the coating of LiNi0.9Mn0.05Al0.05O2 cathode materials with lithium phosphate, to improve their performance. The results show that low concentration phosphoric acid coating leads to delayed voltage decay and enhanced discharge capacity during high-voltage cycling.

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Synergistic-effect of high Ni content and Na dopant towards developing a highly stable Li-Rich cathode in Li-ion batteries

Murugan Vivekanantha et al.

Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the effect of increasing Ni content and doping Na on the electrochemical properties of layered Li-rich oxide cathodes. The results showed that increasing Ni content improved the capacity retention but negatively affected the rate capability. Doping Na in the Li layer further enhanced the rate capability and voltage retention of the Ni excess cathodes.

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LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Microstructure for All-Solid-State Batteries

Hyeon Jeong Lee et al.

Summary: Solid-state batteries are a next-generation energy storage technology with superior energy density and safety compared to Li-ion batteries. However, rapid capacity decay has been a major challenge. In this study, the use of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material with a special microstructure achieved good cycling stability by optimizing Li diffusion pathways and suppressing electrolyte decomposition.

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Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 Cathode Materials: A Perspective

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High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Battery Reaching Full Charge in 12 min

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Morphology-Dependent Battery Performance of Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes: Single-Crystal versus Refined Polycrystal

Hoon-Hee Ryu et al.

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2022)

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Xijun Xu et al.

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A nano-truncated Ni/La doped manganese spinel material for high rate performance and long cycle life lithium-ion batteries

Meng Li et al.

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Chao Xu et al.

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High-Voltage Single-Crystal Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Phase Behavior during Electrochemical Cycling of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Chao Xu et al.

Summary: The essay explores the rapid performance degradation of layered lithium nickel-rich oxides under specific stress conditions, comparing their structural properties with NMCs and NCAs. It highlights the necessity of reexamining the various high-voltage structural changes in LiNiO2 to aid understanding of accelerated degradation in Ni-rich cathodes.

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Summary: This article discusses the necessity and key factors for developing cobalt-free high-Ni layered oxides from the perspective of materials science and electrochemistry. Several aspects that need to be considered and the exploration of alternative dopants and substituents are proposed.

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Can Chen et al.

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Trung Thien Nguyen et al.

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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS (2021)

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Effect of calcium or yttrium doping on cation ordering and electrochemical performance of Li(Ni0.80-xCo0.15Al0.05Mx)O2 (M = Ca, Y) as a Li-ion battery cathode

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Summary: By doping with calcium and yttrium, the electrochemical performance of Li(NCA) cathode was improved, with the Y-doped sample showing the highest initial discharge capacity and the Ca-doped sample exhibiting the highest rate capability. Further treatment is necessary to enhance the performance of pristine NCA cathode.

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS (2021)

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Na-substitution induced oxygen vacancy achieving high transition metal capacity in commercial Li-rich cathode

Quanxin Ma et al.

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NANO ENERGY (2021)

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Current state-of-the-art characterization techniques for probing the layered oxide cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries

Qiuyu Shen et al.

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ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2021)

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Tasaduk Ahmad Wani et al.

Summary: The interest in improving the performance of Lithium-ion batteries by focusing on high-performing cathode materials, such as olivine-type lithium metal phosphates LiMPO4, has increased. Among them, the development of high energy-density, safe, and environmentally friendly olivine LiMnPO4 cathode material is particularly attractive due to its reliability and high operating voltage. This review provides an overview of current research strategies on LiMnPO4 as a promising cathode material for Li-Ion batteries.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2021)

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Which is the winner between the single-crystalline and polycrystalline LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode in the lithium-ion battery?

Feilong Zhang et al.

Summary: The study successfully synthesized single-crystal NCA and demonstrated its improved electrochemical performance and thermal stability at both 25 degrees C and 55 degrees C. The single crystal cathode showed the ability to restrain crack formation and structural collapse, reduce electrolyte decomposition, and suppress interface impedance, providing new insights for the development of lithium-ion batteries.

MATERIALS TODAY ENERGY (2021)

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Modulating Anion Redox Activity of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 through Strong Sr-O Bonds toward Achieving Stable Li-Ion Half-/Full-Cell Performance

Vivekanantha Murugan et al.

Summary: Sr2+ doping in LLO materials can significantly improve the performance stability and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries, with better performance at high temperatures and higher capacity retention rates after charge-discharge at different rates.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Single- or Poly-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode, Sulfide or Halide Solid Electrolyte: Which Will be the Winners for All-Solid-State Batteries?

Yoonjae Han et al.

Summary: The use of single-crystalline NCA and oxidation-tolerable Li3YCl6 in all-solid-state batteries shows promising results in terms of discharge capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, cycling performance, and rate capability. The overlooked contribution of side reactions to the degradation of polycrystalline NCA is revealed for the first time in this study through rigorous characterization and analysis.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Fast and Scalable Synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode by Sol-Gel-Assisted Microwave Sintering

Umair Nisar et al.

Summary: LNMO is a high-voltage spinel material promising for high-energy-density and high-power-density lithium-ion batteries. A novel fast and scalable microwave-assisted synthesis method leads to cost reduction and results in nanometric size phase with improved electrochemical performance.

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Jayse Langdon et al.

Summary: The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries calls for higher energy density and longer cycle life. Single-crystal cathode particles have attracted intense interest due to their remarkable cyclability, but there has been no systematic analysis of the different techniques in this field thus far.

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Crystallographic-Site-Specific Structural Engineering Enables Extraordinary Electrochemical Performance of High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Spinel Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Gemeng Liang et al.

Summary: By specifically engineering the crystallographic sites of the electrode material, the researchers successfully transformed the detrimental two-phase reaction into a preferential solid-solution reaction, significantly suppressing the loss of Mn and improving the stability of the material during cycling. The modified LNMO material exhibited impressive performance at high rates and demonstrated its potential application prospects.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2021)

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An Effective Way to Stabilize Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes

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