Label-free virtual staining of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in microfluidics

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Label-free microfluidic cell sorting and detection for rapid blood analysis

Nan Lu et al.

Summary: Blood tests are standard clinical procedures for disease and health condition screening, but the complex cellular background and biomolecular composition often make accurate analysis challenging. Label-free microfluidic technologies that rely on intrinsic cell properties are emerging as a promising approach for point-of-care blood diagnostics. This review summarizes recent advances in label-free blood cell separation, single cell analysis, and the combination of microfluidics with machine learning for enhanced clinical studies.

LAB ON A CHIP (2023)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Assessment of longitudinal serum neutrophil extracellular trap-inducing activity in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and glomerulonephritis in a prospective cohort using a novel bio-impedance technique

Joop P. Aendekerk et al.

Summary: We developed a label-free, high-throughput bioimpedance technique to measure serum NET-inducing activity. In a cohort of 62 AAV patients, elevated NET-inducing activity was observed at diagnosis, and it was reduced after treatment initiation. An increase at six months potentially indicated relapse in AAV patients.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Microfluidic capture of chromatin fibres measures neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released in a drop of human blood

Miyuki Sakuma et al.

Summary: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in circulation, capable of releasing NETs to capture microbes, and can release NETs in various pathological conditions. Measuring the concentration of NETs in blood is increasingly important for monitoring patients, assessing treatment efficacy, and understanding the pathology of different diseases.

LAB ON A CHIP (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microfluidic Impedance-Deformability Cytometry for Label-Free Single Neutrophil Mechanophenotyping

Chayakorn Petchakup et al.

Summary: This study reports an optics-free impedance-deformability cytometer for multiparametric single cell mechanophenotyping. By profiling human neutrophils, distinct differences in multimodal impedance signatures under various biochemical stimulations were observed.

SMALL (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Methods for the Assessment of NET Formation: From Neutrophil Biology to Translational Research

Marina Stoimenou et al.

Summary: Several studies suggest that NETs may play a role in inflammatory and thrombotic disorders, thus serving as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools. This article compares commonly used techniques for assessing NET formation and discusses the challenges and advantages in evaluating NETs. The review provides insights into the molecular analysis of NETs in translational medicine today.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Detection of neutrophil extracellular traps in patient plasma: method development and validation in systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy donors that carry IRF5 genetic risk

Bharati Matta et al.

Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures formed by activated neutrophils that contain antimicrobial granular proteins, peptides, and enzymes. They can clear microorganisms and inhibit infections, but dysregulated NETs are associated with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 severity. This study developed new methodologies, using multiplex ELISA and immunofluorescence, to quantify NETs in patient plasma.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Allergy

A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics

Victoria Mutua et al.

Summary: Activated neutrophils release NETs to capture and destroy microbes, but they also cause inflammation and tissue damage. The role of NETs in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is being studied, and inhibition of NETosis may reduce disease severity.

CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Label-Free Biophysical Markers from Whole Blood Microfluidic Immune Profiling Reveal Severe Immune Response Signatures

Kerwin Kwek Zeming et al.

Summary: Current methods for early diagnosis of infections are time-consuming and of low sensitivity, while the new approach of profiling host inflammatory response may provide a rapid way to identify severity of inflammation, making it potentially impactful for triage and resource allocation in emergency departments for acute infections.

SMALL (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical