期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 6, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/srep35278
关键词
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资金
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ZX1313A-2014]
- Reynold's Foundation
- NHLBI grant [HL087647]
- 6th Framework Program of the European Union [LSHM-CT-2006-037593]
- NIH grants [HL095987, HL101621]
- Estonian Research Council [IUT20-60]
- Research Roadmap [3.2.0304.11-0312]
- University Tartu [ARENG SP1GV]
- EU FP6 award
- Competitive Research Funding of the Tampere University Hospital [9M048, 9N035]
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Finland
- Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- e:Med research and funding concept (e:AtheroSysMed) [01ZX1313A-2014]
- Fondation Leducq (CADgenomics:Understanding CAD Genes) [12CVD02]
- European Union Sixth Framework Programme FP6 (Cardiogenics) [FP6-LIFESCIHEALTH]
- Seventh Framework Programme (CVgenes-at-target) [HEALTH-F2-2013-601456]
- UK Medical Research Council (MRC)
- British Heart Foundation
- Merck and Co
- Roche Vitamins Ltd
- British Heart Foundation [FS/14/55/30806, SP/04/002]
- Wellcome Trust [07611, 084723/Z/08/Z, 090532/Z/09/Z]
- EU's 7th Framework Programme [201668, 305739]
- Tampere University Foundation
- Tampere University Hospital Medical Funds [9M048, 9N035, X51001]
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research
- Pirkanmaa Regional Fund of the Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation
- European Union
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Free State of Saxony
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- Medical Research Council [G0601966, G0700931]
- NIHR [RP-PG-0407-10371]
- European Union FP7 (EpiMigrant) [European Union FP7 (EpiMigrant, 279143]
- Action on Hearing [G51]
- INTERREG IV Oberrhein Program (Project A28) European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO
- US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [R01HL087676]
- Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies
- NHGRI [U01HG007417]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-2380941, MOP82810, MOP77682]
- Canada Foundation for Innovation [11966]
- Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada [NA6001, NA6650]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant)
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation [2013-024]
- Swedish Research Council [2012-1397, M-2005-1112, 2009-2298]
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [20120197]
- European Community Sixth Framework Program [LSHM-CT-2007-037273]
- AstraZeneca
- Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg Foundation
- Strategic Cardiovascular Program of Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council
- Foundation for Strategic Research
- Stockholm County Council [560283]
- NIH grants - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01DK082766]
- National Genome Research Institute [NOT-HG-11-009]
- VPR Bridge grant from University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
- Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology [PENED 2003]
- Ministry for Higher Education
- GenomEUtwin [EU/QLRT-2001-01254, QLG2-CT-2002-01254]
- NIH grant [DK U01-066134]
- NIDDK career development award [DK088942]
- National Institute for Health Research
- BHF grant [RG/14/5/30893]
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence
- Donovan Family Foundation
- Fondation Leducq
- MGH Research Scholar Award
- Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics [213506, 129680]
- Academy of Finland [251217, 285380]
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme through the BioSHaRE-EU (Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union) project [261433]
- Canadian Institute of Health Research and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- American Heart Association [15POST23280019]
- [P01HL076491]
- [b2011036]
- [R01 HL107816]
- [WT098017]
- MRC [G0601966, G0700931] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [FS/14/55/30806, RG/14/5/30893] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0700931, G0601966] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0611-10170] Funding Source: researchfish
In recent years, genome-wide association studies have identified 58 independent risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD) on the autosome. However, due to the sex-specific data structure of the X chromosome, it has been excluded from most of these analyses. While females have 2 copies of chromosome X, males have only one. Also, one of the female X chromosomes may be inactivated. Therefore, special test statistics and quality control procedures are required. Thus, little is known about the role of X-chromosomal variants in CAD. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive X-chromosome-wide meta-analysis including more than 43,000 CAD cases and 58,000 controls from 35 international study cohorts. For quality control, sex-specific filters were used to adequately take the special structure of X-chromosomal data into account. For single study analyses, several logistic regression models were calculated allowing for inactivation of one female X-chromosome, adjusting for sex and investigating interactions between sex and genetic variants. Then, meta-analyses including all 35 studies were conducted using random effects models. None of the investigated models revealed genome-wide significant associations for any variant. Although we analyzed the largest-to-date sample, currently available methods were not able to detect any associations of X-chromosomal variants with CAD.
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