Diagnostic clues in a stem cell transplant patient manifested with chronic central nervous system GVHD and IRIS

Transplant physicians should be aware of the immune deviation-related clinical conditions as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely used for the treatment of patients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders. Neurological manifestations and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may commonly develop in transplant recipients. However, overlapping clinical immunological conditions may lead to diagnostic challenges. Herein, we discussed the differential diagnosis of a patient with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing on the basis of chronic GVHD.

Automated summary

Transplant physicians should be aware of immune deviation-related clinical conditions in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Diagnosis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) poses challenges due to overlapping clinical immunological conditions.