Kidney transplantation in low- and middle-income countries: the Transplant Links experience

Paediatric kidney failure is a global problem responsible for significant childhood morbidity and mortality. The gold-standard treatment is kidney transplantation. However, the availability of kidney transplantation remains limited in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Transplant Links Community (TLC) is a UK-based charity that mentors units in LMICs wishing to start kidney transplantation; the ultimate goal is for these units to become self-sufficient. TLC provides this support through in-person training visits and skill transfer, plus direct mentorship from the UK that is maintained over many years. From such mentoring programmes, it is evident that there are numerous challenges in the initial establishment and long-term maintenance of kidney transplant services, with specific and unique barriers applying to setting up paediatric transplant programmes compared to their adult counterparts. This review summarises TLC's first-hand experience of developing paediatric kidney transplantation services in LMICs over the past 15 years, the challenges encountered, and the major ongoing barriers that must be addressed to facilitate further progress in delivering transplantation services to children globally.

Automated summary

Pediatric kidney failure is a global issue that has a significant impact on children's health and mortality. Transplantation is the gold-standard treatment, but it is limited in low- and middle-income countries. Transplant Links Community (TLC), a UK-based charity, provides mentorship and training to units in LMICs to help them establish kidney transplantation services for children. This review summarizes TLC's first-hand experience, challenges, and ongoing barriers in developing pediatric kidney transplantation services in LMICs over the past 15 years.