Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Punica granatum Extract for the Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes from Wastewater

Clean water is the basic need of every living organism. The field of nanotechnology is one of the utmost wide spread areas for current research and development for the management of discarded water. Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Punica granatum leave, and pulp extract. These prepared nanoparticles were applied for the removal of anionic toxic dyes from wastewater using batch experiment. Different parameters like pH, dose, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature were optimized to check the highest removal of selected dye. The effect of presence of electrolytes was also studied. Kinetic models like pseudo-1st-order, pseudo-2(nd)-order and intraparticle diffusion model were applied to check the rate and order of reaction. Equilibrium models like Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Harkins-Jura were applied to check the nature of adsorption of dye on prepared nanoparticles. Thermodynamics models were also applied to check the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of the reaction. Desorption study was conducted to check the reusability of the nanoparticles.

Automated summary

Nanoparticles composed of zinc oxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide were synthesized using Punica granatum leaf and pulp extract and applied for the removal of anionic toxic dyes from wastewater. Various parameters were optimized to achieve the highest removal efficiency of the selected dye. Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic models were applied to analyze the reaction rate, adsorption nature, and energy changes. Desorption study was conducted to assess the reusability of the nanoparticles.