Review of covalent organic frameworks for single-site photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a burgeoning category of highly tunable crystalline porous materials, which have garnered significant attention as promising platforms for designing novel photo-and electrocatalysts. Single-site catalysis holds paramount importance in revealing the catalytic reaction mechanism and enhancing catalytic performance because of the maximum utilization of metal atoms and presence of a definite active center. Given the distinct advantages of single-site catalysts, such as single metal ions, single atoms, single active sites, and metal clusters, and COFs materials, there is a current surge of interest in using COFs materials as support materials to anchor highly dispersed single-sites. Consequently, the design and preparation of COF-based sin-gle-site catalysts have emerged as a prominent research topic in the fields of photo-and electrocatalysis, to address the pressing environmental and energy issues. This review provides an overview of the development of COF-based single-site photo-and electrocatalysts. Advanced applications of COF-based single-site photo-and electrocatalysts are comprehensively summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges faced by COF-based single-site photo-and elec-trocatalysts and discusses their future development trends. We aim to provide new insights into the application of COF-based single-site materials in photo-and electrocatalysis and further promote the development of catalytic science.

Automated summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly tunable crystalline porous materials that have gained attention as promising platforms for designing novel photo-and electrocatalysts. The use of COFs materials as support materials for highly dispersed single-sites has surged due to the advantages of single-site catalysts and COFs materials. This review provides an overview of the development and application of COF-based single-site photo-and electrocatalysts, addressing challenges and future trends in this field.