Cluster communication protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network protocols often are based on peer-to-peer infrastructure, where messages traverse long distances through the network to reach a certain destination that is a beacon or a base station. Because of battery operated nodes, energy-effective mechanisms are very important in wireless sensor networks. Clustering brings hierarchy into the network and can save energy since nodes within a cluster usually communicate locally in a short range. This paper presents a new clustering approach called variable ranges (VR) protocol that provides basic features to modify the range of each node. A dynamic transmission range adaption protocol substantially prolongs the lifetime of the nodes through energy efficient communication without significantly decreasing the node connectivity. The VR protocol is implemented combining several MAC protocols for local communication within a cluster. Its dynamic adaptation feature allows also the usage in real-time applications. The VR protocol additionally offers security features.