期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 7, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12233
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资金
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF57]
- European Research Council (ERC Advanced grant) [323085]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB13000000]
- Smithsonian Office of the Under Secretary for Science
- US National Science Foundation [DEB-1456964, DEB-0949689]
- US National Museum of Natural History
- University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institution Seed Grant
- Lundbeck Foundation [R190-2014-2827] Funding Source: researchfish
The attine ant-fungus agricultural symbiosis evolved over tens of millions of years, producing complex societies with industrial-scale farming analogous to that of humans. Here we document reciprocal shifts in the genomes and transcriptomes of seven fungus-farming ant species and their fungal cultivars. We show that ant subsistence farming probably originated in the early Tertiary (55-60 MYA), followed by further transitions to the farming of fully domesticated cultivars and leaf-cutting, both arising earlier than previously estimated. Evolutionary modifications in the ants include unprecedented rates of genome-wide structural rearrangement, early loss of arginine biosynthesis and positive selection on chitinase pathways. Modifications of fungal cultivars include loss of a key ligninase domain, changes in chitin synthesis and a reduction in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes as the ants gradually transitioned to functional herbivory. In contrast to human farming, increasing dependence on a single cultivar lineage appears to have been essential to the origin of industrial-scale ant agriculture.
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