n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and adiponectin in patients with end-stage renal disease

Background and aim: In subjects without kidney disease, adiponectin appears to have anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherogenic effects. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from seafood have several beneficial effects in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on plasma adiponectin levels in ESRD patients. Methods: In a double blinded intervention trial, 162 ESRD patients (mean age 67 years +/- 13, 56 women and 106 men) undergoing chronic hemodialysis were randomized to 1.7 g n-3 PUFA daily or placebo for 3 months. Adiponectin, plasma lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after the intervention period. Results: At baseline, adiponectin was positively correlated to HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and inversely correlated to plasma triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) (r = -0.32, p < 0.01, r = -0.43, p < 0.01, and r = -0.21, p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, adiponectin was inversely correlated to the plasma levels of the two major n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.19, p < 0.001, and r = -0.30, p < 0.001, respectively). Baseline plasma adiponectin levels were high in both groups but after 3 months of supplementation no significant change was observed in the groups. Thus, n-3 PUFA supplementation did not change adiponectin levels. Conclusion: We found an elevated plasma adiponectin level, which was inversely associated with plasma levels of DHA and EPA at baseline. Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs for 3 months did not change adiponectin levels. The negative result in this study may be related to a relatively low dose and future studies with higher dose and longer duration are needed to explore this mechanism.