Resistant starch-rich wx/ae brown rice prevents insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia in type 2 diabetic NSY mice

A rice cultivar called 'wx/ae', double mutant in waxy (wx) and amylose extender (ae) genes, is rich in resistant starch. Type 2 diabetic NSY mice were fed a test diet containing 30% roasted wx/ae brown rice (wx/ae group) or its parental rice cultivar Kinmaze brown rice (WT group) for 16 weeks. The insulin sensitivity of the wx/ae group was significantly higher than that of the WT group, and the concentrations of fasting plasma triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acids were lower. Gene expression analysis of the liver revealed that expression levels of insulin-dependent genes and bile acid-related genes in the two groups were significantly different. Moreover, expression of the G protein-coupled receptor 43 gene in the epididymal white adipose tissue was significantly higher in the wx/ae group. These results indicate that wx/ae brown rice is a good candidate food for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridaemia. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.