期刊
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
卷 60, 期 11, 页码 1667-1676出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ145
关键词
HTLV-1/STLV-1; nonhuman primates; viral cross-species transmission; severe bite
资金
- Institut Pasteur
- Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) research program: Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases
- European program EMPERIE
- European program EDENext
- Service de Cooperation et de l'Action Culturelle of the French Embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon
- Institut National pour le Cancer
- Virus Cancer Prevention Association in Paris, France
Background. HTLV-1 infection is endemic to Central African populations. The risk factors for HTLV-1 acquisition in humans via the interspecies transmission of STLV-1 (its simian counterpart) remain largely unknown. Methods. We studied 269 individuals (254 men, 15 women) bitten by a nonhuman primate (NHP), mostly during hunting activities. These, Pygmies and Bantus, living in the southern Cameroonian rainforest, were matched for sex, age, and ethnicity with individuals from the same settlements reporting no NHP bites. HTLV-1 serology was performed by Western blot on plasma samples. PCR was carried out for HTLV-1 provirus on buffy-coat DNAs. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic analyses. Results. HTLV-1 prevalence was 8.6% (23/269) in individuals with bites, vs 1.5% (4/269) in matched controls (P < .001). Moreover, HTLV-1 infection was linked to bite severity. The 23 HTLV-1-positive bitten individuals reported being bitten by a gorilla (17), chimpanzee (3), or small monkey (3). Thirteen (56%) were coinfected with a simian foamy virus known to be acquired through severe bites. Mother-to-child infection was excluded in 6 HTLV-1-infected bitten individuals. All the HTLV-1-positive hunters bitten by a gorilla or chimpanzee were infected with a subtype B strain similar to that present in apes from the same area. Two hunters bitten by small monkeys (C. agilis in one case) were infected with a HTLV-1 subtype F strain very similar to the STLV-1 strains present in such monkeys. Conclusions. These results strongly suggest ongoing direct zoonotic acquisition of STLV-1 in humans through severe NHP bites during hunting activities.
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