Sediment deposition within and around a finite patch of model vegetation over a range of channel velocity

The interaction between flow and vegetation creates feedbacks to deposition that vary with channel velocity. This experimental study describes how channel velocity and stem-generated turbulence influence the deposition within and around an emergent patch of model vegetation, with a particular focus on deposition within the patch. The Reynolds number threshold for stem-scale turbulence generation was determined using velocity spectra and flow visualization. At high channel velocity resuspension occurred in the bare regions of the channel and a nonuniform spatial distribution of net deposition was observed around and within the patch. In contrast, at low channel velocity there was no (or limited) resuspension and a uniform distribution of net deposition was observed around and within the patch. The deposition inside the patch was enhanced, relative to a bare-channel control, only when the following two criteria were met: (1) the absence of stem turbulence, and (2) the presence of sediment resuspension in the bare channel. Comparison to previous lab and field studies further support these criteria.