期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 106, 期 -, 页码 86-97出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.031
关键词
Forward osmosis fouling; Water filtration; Desalination; Water reuse; Numerical model; Spiral-wound membrane module
资金
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
This study evaluates with numerical simulations supported by experimental data the impact of biofouling on membrane performance in a cross-flow forward osmosis (FO) system. The two-dimensional numerical model couples liquid flow with solute transport in the FO feed and draw channels, in the FO membrane support layer and in the biofilm developed on one or both sides of the membrane. The developed model was tested against experimental measurements at various osmotic pressure differences and in batch operation without and with the presence of biofilm on the membrane active layer. Numerical studies explored the effect of biofilm properties (thickness, hydraulic permeability and porosity), biofilm membrane surface coverage, and biofilm location on salt external concentration polarization and on the permeation flux. The numerical simulations revealed that (i) when biofouling occurs, external concentration polarization became important, (ii) the biofilm hydraulic permeability and membrane surface coverage have the highest impact on water flux, and (iii) the biofilm formed in the draw channel impacts the process performance more than when formed in the feed channel. The proposed mathematical model helps to understand the impact of biofouling in FO membrane systems and to develop possible strategies to reduce and control biofouling. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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