期刊
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
卷 39, 期 11, 页码 763-781出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002
关键词
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资金
- Clasado BioSciences
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
- Health Research Board through Health Research Awards [HRA_POR/2011/23, HRA_POR/2012/32, HRAPOR-2-14-647]
- EU [613979, MYNEWGUT FP7-KBBE-2013-7]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/N010035/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/N010035/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Psychobiotics were previously defined as live bacteria (probiotics) which, when ingested, confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut bacteria. We expand this definition to encompass prebiotics, which enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. We review probiotic and prebiotic effects on emotional, cognitive, systemic, and neural variables relevant to health and disease. We discuss gut-brain signalling mechanisms enabling psychobiotic effects, such as metabolite production. Overall, knowledge of how the micro biome responds to exogenous influence remains limited. We tabulate several important research questions and issues, exploration of which will generate both mechanistic insights and facilitate future psychobiotic development. We suggest the definition of psychobiotics be expanded beyond probiotics and prebiotics to include other means of influencing the microbiome.
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