Advances in DNA typing in the agro-food supply chain

Background: DNA typing is increasingly being applied to assess the genetic origin and authenticity of products entering and exiting the food supply chain. The growing interest in DNA typing has arisen from an expanding array of contexts, such as the need to protect manufacturers, ensure compliance with food regulations, validate labels, fight misbranding, evaluate product ingredients and defend consumers' rights and freedom of choice. Scope and approach: This review presents current practices and emerging technologies about the genetic traceability in the agro-food chain, providing an overview of the specificity and challenges related to the analysis of commercial products of plant origin. We also discuss unsolved needs and specific features of DNA testing in the agro-food supply chain. These include the biochemical and physical variability of the samples under investigation, the possible DNA degradation, and the necessity to distinguish among plant varieties and not only different species. Key findings and conclusions: We acknowledge that a number of DNA typing systems have been successfully used, and the vast majority are based on the PCR technique. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies are expected to greatly expand data range and the amount of information accessible to a DNA analysis. The evaluation and implementation of novel technologies and tools, along with concerted efforts to increase information sharing and to establish standard operating protocols, are main priorities of genetic typing in the agro-food chain. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.