Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), a solvent-free extraction technique, is an effective, cost-saving, versatile, and easily automated assay for high sample throughput. This paper reviews the application of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of flavors/off-flavors in wine, fruits, meats, cereal products and non-volatile compounds such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endogenous substances and other contaminants in food samples. The future developments and potential applications of SPME methods in food analysis was looked ahead. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.