Coupling solid-phase microextraction with ambient mass spectrometry: Strategies and applications

The rapid development of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) in recent years gives us the opportunities for direct and straightforward analysis of trace analytes in complex biological, environmental, forensic, food, individual small organism, and even single cell samples under ambient and open-air condition. This review article summarized the field of SPME coupled with AMS that has been published to date. The strategies for coupling SPME to AMS were summarized and discussed, and the typical applications of SPME coupled with AMS were commented. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.