Advances in research of nephrotoxicity and toxic antagonism of ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread mycotoxin that naturally takes place in various human foodstuffs, such as cereals, cereal products, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs, dairy products, dried products, wine and even the infant formula. Thus, the generation of serious harm to human health is inevitable. Among a variety of toxicological effects of OTA, nephrotoxicity is the most prominent. Until present, the review focusing on the nephrotoxicity of OTA was absent. Therefore, the advances in research of nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxicity mechanisms and toxic antagonism of OTA were reviewed in the present paper.