期刊
TOXICON
卷 112, 期 -, 页码 68-76出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.064
关键词
Gymnodimine; Dinoflagellate; Alexandrium ostenfeldii; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; High resolution mass spectrometry
资金
- Academy of Finland [251609, 128833, 251564, 259357]
- European Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under the ECsafeSEAFOOD project [311820]
- Spanish National Institute for Agricultural Research (INIA) [RTA 2013-00096-00-00]
- Biocenter Finland
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [259357, 259357, 251609, 251609] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
Gymnodimines are lipophilic toxins produced by the marine dinoflagellates Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Currently four gymnodimine analogues are known and characterized. Here we describe a novel gymnodimine and a range of gymnodimine related compounds found in an A. ostenfeldii isolate from the northern Baltic Sea. Gymnodimine D (1) was extracted and purified from clonal cultures, and characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) experiments. The structure of 1 is related to known gymnodimines (2-5) with a six-membered cyclic imine ring and several other fragments typical of gymnodimines. However, the carbon chain in the gymnodimine macrocyclic ring differs from the known gymnodimines in having two tetrahydrofuran rings in the macrocyclic ring. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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