期刊
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
卷 157, 期 -, 页码 943-952出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.07.051
关键词
CIGS; Damp heat; Degradation; In-situ monitoring; Molybdenum; Solar cells; X-ray diffraction; Zinc oxide
Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. In-situ monitoring of their electrical parameters demonstrated a rapid decrease of the efficiency, mainly driven by changes in the series and shunt resistances. The non-degraded and degraded solar cells were studied by SIMS and XRD to investigate the material changes leading to efficiency loss. SIMS showed the migration of sodium and potassium, likely leading to changes in the shunt resistance and output voltage. Extensive XRD measurements showed that molybdenum oxide was formed and that the in-plane stress in the ZnO:Al film increased. The stress increase is most likely due to the incorporation of species like hydroxide in the grain boundaries. These phenomena could lead to the observed increased series resistance in the solar cells. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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