期刊
SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 45-57出版社
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000444770
关键词
Embryonic development; Endocrine disrupting chemical contaminants; Environmental factors and phenotypic plasticity; Molecular regulatory gene network; Temperature-dependent and genotypic sex determination; Turtles
资金
- NSF [MCB 1244355]
- Science without Borders/CAPES (Brazil)
Sex determination or the commitment of the embryo to its sexual fate is a fundamental developmental process with paramount consequences in ecology and evolution. This process, whether triggered by environmental factors or genotypic constitution, can be derailed by environmental contaminants that alter the endocrine system, which is a key component of the regulatory network underlying vertebrate sex determination. Here, we review the molecular basis of sex determination, the endocrine components of its regulation, the maternal and endogenous sources of hormones to the developing embryo, and the routes through which endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect gonadal development in reptiles, especially turtles. Among EDCs, we focus on PCBs, BPA, pesticides like atrazine, nitrates, and heavy metals. We also consider whether adaptation might be possible in the face of persistent chemical insult and conclude that, while plausible, contemporary environmental change may outpace adaptive evolution, particularly for many species that are already endangered and suffer from small population sizes. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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