期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 541, 期 -, 页码 8-22出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.047
关键词
Constructed wetlands; Waterborne pathogens; Fecal indicators; Mechanisms removal of bacteria; Sanitation; Wastewater treatment performance
资金
- project of The National Natural Science Funds [51308536]
- Research Fund for International Young Scientists [51450110434]
- Beijing Nova program [2015B083]
- European Commission [FP7-KBBE-2012-6-311933, WATER4CROPS]
Removal of human pathogens from wastewater is a critical factor with linkage to human health. Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are environmental friendly ecosystems that are applicable not only for chemical pollution control, but also for the reduction of pathogens fromwastewater. Yet the knowledge on the fate and removal of such indicator bacteria in CWs is still not sufficient due to the complexity of removal mechanisms and influencing factors. This review serves to provide a better understanding of this state-of-the-art technology, which is necessary for further investigations and design development. The fecal indicator bacteria in CWs mainly come from three sources, namely, influent wastewaters, regrowth within the CWs, and animal activities. The properties of microbial contamination vary depending on the different sources. The removal of pathogens is a complex process that is influenced by operational parameters such as hydraulic regime and retention time, vegetation, seasonal fluctuation, and water composition. The most frequent and well-validated removal mechanisms include natural die-off due to starvation or predation, sedimentation and filtration, and adsorption. The concentration of the main fecal indicator bacteria in the effluent was found to be exponentially related to the loading rate. Generally, horizontal subsurface flow CWs have better reduction capacity than free water surface flow CWs, and hybrid wetland systems were found to be the most efficient due to a longer retention time. Further improvement of fecal indicator bacteria removal in CWs is needed, however, levels in CW effluents are still higher than most of the regulation standards for reuse. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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