Synaptic electronics and neuromorphic computing

In order to map the computing architecture and intelligent functions of the human brain on hardware, we need electronic devices that can emulate biological synapses and even neurons, preferably at the physical level. Beginning with the history of neuromorphic computation, in this article, we will briefly review the architecture of the brain and the learning mechanisms responsible for its plasticity. We will also introduce several memristive devices that have been used to implement electronic synapses, presenting some important milestones in this area of research and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects.