期刊
SCIENCE
卷 353, 期 6296, 页码 -出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8988
关键词
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资金
- Icelandic government through the Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police
- European Community [308377]
- EU Seventh Framework Marie Curie project NEMOH [289976]
- project CO2Volc ERC [279802]
- University of Iceland
- Irish Research Council
- Helmholtz Alliance on Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics (EDA)
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut through their DFG
- UNAM/CIC Intercambio Academico
- NERC [come30001] Funding Source: UKRI
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof of a crustal magma reservoir, forming a caldera. Only a few such collapses occur per century, and the lack of detailed observations has obscured insight into the mechanical interplay between collapse and eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical and geochemical data to show that the 110-square-kilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bardarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoir. Interaction between the pressure exerted by the subsiding reservoir roof and the physical properties of the subsurface flow path explain the gradual, near-exponential decline of both collapse rate and the intensity of the 180-day-long eruption.
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