期刊
SCIENCE
卷 354, 期 6318, 页码 1406-1409出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2583
关键词
-
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [IRCSA 485691]
- Chevron Canada Resources, Ltd.
- University of Calgary
Hydraulic fracturing has been inferred to trigger the majority of injection-induced earthquakes in western Canada, in contrast to the Midwestern United States, where massive saltwater disposal is the dominant triggering mechanism. A template-based earthquake catalog from a seismically active Canadian shale play, combined with comprehensive injection data during a 4-month interval, shows that earthquakes are tightly clustered in space and time near hydraulic fracturing sites. The largest event [moment magnitude (M-W) 3.9] occurred several weeks after injection along a fault that appears to extend from the injection zone into crystalline basement. Patterns of seismicity indicate that stress changes during operations can activate fault slip to an offset distance of >1 km, whereas pressurization by hydraulic fracturing into a fault yields episodic seismicity that can persist for months.
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