期刊
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
卷 42, 期 6, 页码 1372-1383出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw052
关键词
childhood psychotic symptoms; neighborhood characteristics; social cohesion; psychosis; urbanicity
类别
资金
- UK Medical Research Council [G1002190, G9806489]
- Economic and Social Research Council [RES-177-25-0013]
- National Institute of Child Health and Development [HD061298]
- MQ: Transforming Mental Health [MQ14F40]
- Google Streetview
- British Academy [SQ140024]
- William T. Grant Foundation
- Jacobs Foundation
- MRC [G1002190, G9806489] Funding Source: UKRI
- Economic and Social Research Council [1364723] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G9806489, G1002190] Funding Source: researchfish
Urban upbringing is associated with a 2-fold adulthood psychosis risk, and this association replicates for childhood psychotic symptoms. No study has investigated whether specific features of urban neighborhoods increase children's risk for psychotic symptoms, despite these early psychotic phenomena elevating risk for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Analyses were conducted on over 2000 children from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative cohort of UK-born twins. Neighborhood-level characteristics were assessed for each family via: a geodemographic discriminator indexing neighborhood-level deprivation, postal surveys of over 5000 residents living alongside the children, and in-home interviews with the children's mothers. Children were interviewed about psychotic symptoms at age 12. Analyses were adjusted for important family-level confounders including socioeconomic status (SES), psychiatric history, and maternal psychosis. Urban residency at age-5 (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.16-2.77) and age-12 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.15-2.69) were both significantly associated with childhood psychotic symptoms, but not with age-12 anxiety, depression, or antisocial behavior. The association was not attributable to family SES, family psychiatric history, or maternal psychosis, each implicated in childhood mental health. Low social cohesion, together with crime victimization in the neighborhood explained nearly a quarter of the association between urbanicity and childhood psychotic symptoms after considering family-level confounders. Low social cohesion and crime victimization in the neighborhood partly explain why children in cities have an elevated risk of developing psychotic symptoms. Greater understanding of the mechanisms leading from neighborhood-level exposures to psychotic symptoms could help target interventions for emerging childhood psychotic symptoms.
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