期刊
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
卷 79, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096401
关键词
laser cooling; optical refrigeration; rare-earth doped crystals; spectroscopy; anti-Stokes fluorescence
资金
- AFRL under SBIR [FA9453-14-M-0055, FA9453-14-C-0304]
- AFOSR under STTR [FA9550-13-C-0006]
- National Science Foundation [1160764]
- EU FP7 Marie Curie Zukunftskolleg Incoming Fellowship Programme at University of Konstanz [291784]
- Baden-Wurttemberg-Stiftung through the 'Eliteprogramm fur Postdoktorandinnen und Postdoktoranden'
This review discusses the progress and ongoing efforts in optical refrigeration. Optical refrigeration is a process in which phonons are removed from a solid by anti-Stokes fluorescence. The review first summarizes the history of optical refrigeration, noting the success in cooling rare-earth-doped solids to cryogenic temperatures. It then examines in detail a four-level model of rare-earth-based optical refrigeration. This model elucidates the essential roles that the various material parameters, such as the spacing of the energy levels and the radiative quantum efficiency, play in the process of optical refrigeration. The review then describes the experimental techniques for cryogenic optical refrigeration of rare-earth-doped solids employing non-resonant and resonant optical cavities. It then examines the work on laser cooling of semiconductors, emphasizing the differences between optical refrigeration of semiconductors and rare-earth-doped solids and the new challenges and advantages of semiconductors. It then describes the significant experimental results including the observed optical refrigeration of CdS nanostructures. The review concludes by discussing the engineering challenges to the development of practical optical refrigerators, and the potential advantages and uses of these refrigerators.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据