期刊
RENEWABLE ENERGY
卷 86, 期 -, 页码 75-88出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.003
关键词
Renewable energy; Air pollution; Global warming; Wind; Solar; Energy cost
资金
- Solutions Project
This study analyzes the potential and consequences of Washington State's use of wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) to produce electricity and electrolytic hydrogen for 100% of its all-purposes energy (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, industry) by 2050, with 80-85% conversion by 2030. Electrification plus modest efficiency measures can reduce Washington State's 2050 end-use power demand by similar to 39.9%, with similar to 80% of the reduction due to electrification, and can stabilize energy prices since WWS fuel costs are zero. The remaining demand can be met, in one scenario, with similar to 35% onshore wind, similar to 13% offshore wind, similar to 10.73% utility-scale PV, similar to 2.9% residential PV, similar to 1.5% commercial/government PV, similar to 0.65% geothermal, similar to 0.5% wave, similar to 0.3% tidal, and similar to 35.42% hydropower. Converting will require only 0.08% of the state's land for new footprint and similar to 2% for spacing between new wind turbines (spacing that can be used for multiple purposes). It will further result in each person in the state saving similar to$85/yr in direct energy costs and similar to$950/yr in health costs [eliminating similar to 830 (190-1950)/yr statewide premature air pollution mortalities] while reducing global climate costs by similar to$4200/person/yr (all in 2013 dollars). Converting will therefore improve health and climate while reducing costs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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