Modeling and analysis the productivity of solar desalination units with phase change materials

Water scarcity in several parts of the world is a matter of concern for human beings. Solar stills are capable of producing fresh water during day hours and the production becomes zero after sunset. In this study detailed modeling of water desalination involving PCM that stores energy during day time and emits it during night time is theoretically investigated. The effect of various parameters such as the PCM type through its melting point, PCM quantity, feed-water flow rate, and solar irradiation on the productivity of the unit expressed as the amount of fresh water produced per day is theoretically investigated. The results showed that the presence of PCM with 40 degrees C melting point maintains higher water temperatures after sunset but negatively affects the productivity. Decreasing the feed flow rate from 10 L/hr to 1 Lihr improved the fresh water productivity by 49%. When the maximum solar intensity increased from 400 to 1000 W/m(2), the fresh water productivity increased from 0.75 Way to 2.1 L/day. In the presence of PCM and at certain solar irradiation intensity the productivity can be improved by using PCM of higher melting point and reducing water feed flow rate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.