Curcumin alleviates ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through NMDA receptor antagonism in rats

Objective: The present study investigated the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in curcumin-mediated renoprotection against ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.Methods: Rats were subjected to bilateral renal I/R (40min I, 24hours R) to induce AKI. Kidney injury was assessed by measuring creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, plasma uric acid, potassium level, fractional excretion of sodium, and macroproteinuria. Oxidative stress in renal tissues was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide anion generation, and reduced glutathione content. Hematoxylin & eosin staining was done to assess histological changes in renal tissues. Curcumin (30 and 60mg/kg) was administered one hour before subjecting rats to AKI. In separate groups, NMDA receptor agonists, glutamic acid (200mg/kg), and spermidine (20mg/kg) were administered prior to curcumin treatment in rats followed by AKI.Results: I/R-induced AKI was demonstrated by significant change in plasma and urine parameters along with marked increase in oxidative stress and histological changes in renal tissues that were aggravated with pretreatment of glutamic acid and spermidine in rats. Administration of curcumin resulted in significant protection against AKI. However, glutamic acid and spermidine pretreatments prevented curcumin-mediated renoprotection.Conclusion: It is concluded that NMDA receptor antagonism significantly contributes towards curcumin-mediated protection against I/R-induced AKI.