A critical look at the function of the P2Y11 receptor

The P2Y(11) receptor is a member of the purinergic receptor family. It has been overlooked, somewhat due to the lack of a P2ry11 gene orthologue in the murine genome, which prevents the generation of knockout mice, which have been so helpful for defining the roles of other P2Y receptors. Furthermore, some of the studies reported to date have methodological shortcomings, making it difficult to determine the function of P2Y(11) with certainty. In this review, we discuss the lack of a murine P2Y(11)-like receptor and highlight the limitations of the currently available methods used to investigate the P2Y(11) receptor. These methods include protein recognition with antibodies that show very little specificity, gene expression studies that completely overlook the existence of a fusion transcript between the adjacent PPAN gene and P2RY11, and agonists/antagonists reported to be specific for the P2Y(11) receptor but which have not been tested for activity on numerous other adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding receptors. We suggest a set of criteria for evaluating whether a dataset describes effects mediated by the P2Y(11) receptor. Following these criteria, we conclude that the current evidence suggests a role for P2Y(11) in immune activation with cell type-specific effects.