期刊
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
卷 19, 期 15, 页码 2769-2780出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016001142
关键词
Meal patterns; Intake occasion; Intake frequency; Meals; Snacks; Energy intake; Standardization; 24 h dietary recall; EPIC
资金
- European Commission (DG-SANCO)
- International Agency for Research on Cancer
- Danish Cancer Society (Denmark)
- Ligue Contre le Cancer
- Institut Gustave Roussy
- Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)
- German Cancer Aid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Deutsche Krebshilfe
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
- Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece)
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy
- National Research Council (Italy)
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health
- Welfare and Sports (VWS)
- Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR)
- LK Research Funds
- Dutch Prevention Funds
- Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland)
- World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)
- Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands)
- Nordforsk [ERC-2009-AdG 232997]
- Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food
- Nutrition and Health (Norway)
- Health Research Fund (FIS) [PI13/00061, PI13/01162]
- Regional Governments of Andalucia
- Asturias
- Basque Country, Murcia
- Navarra
- ISCIII RETIC (Spain) [RD06/0020]
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skane and Vasterbotten (Sweden)
- Cancer Research UK [14136]
- Medical Research Council [1000143]
- [C570/A16491]
- [C8221/A19170]
- [MR/M012190/1]
- Cancer Research UK [16491, 14136] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G1000143, G0401527, MR/N003284/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0512-10114] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/N003284/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Objective: To characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995-2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion. Setting: Twenty-seven centres across ten European countries. Subjects: Women (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35-74 years (n 36 020). Results: Pronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38-43% for women and 41-45% for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16-27% for women and 20-26% for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south-north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13-20% (women) and 10-17% (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24-34% (women) and 23-35% (men) in central/northern Europe. Conclusions: We found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.
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