期刊
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
卷 54, 期 -, 页码 1-29出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.006
关键词
Diabetic retinopathy; Diabetic cataract; Diabetic keratopathy; Aldose reductase inhibitor; Kinostat (R)
资金
- NIH [RO1EY016730, R43EY018013-01A1, R44 EY018013-02A, R44 EY018013-2B]
- Nebraska SBIR Phase 2 Grant [16-01-054]
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with devastating effects on ocular health in both industrialized and developing countries. The control of hyperglycemia is critical to minimizing the impact of DM on ocular tissues because inadequate glycemic control leads to ocular tissue changes that range from a temporary blurring of vision to permanent vision loss. The biochemical mechanisms that promote the development of diabetic complications have been extensively studied. As a result, a number of prominent biochemical pathways have been identified. Among these, the two-step sorbitol pathway has been the most extensively investigated; nevertheless, it remains controversial. To date, long-term pharmacological studies in animal models of diabetes have demonstrated that the onset and development of ocular complications that include keratopathy, retinopathy and cataract can be ameliorated by the control of excess metabolic flux through aldose reductase (AR). Clinically the alleles of AR have been linked to the rapidity of onset and severity of diabetic ocular complications in diabetic patient populations around the globe. In spite of these promising preclinical and human genetic rationales, several clinical trials of varying durations with structurally diverse aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have shown limited success or failure in preventing or arresting diabetic retinopathy. Despite these clinical setbacks, topical ARI Kinostat (R) promises to find a home in clinical veterinary ophthalmology where its anticipated approval by the FDA will present an alternative treatment paradigm to cataract surgery in diabetic dogs. Here, we critically review the role of AR in diabetes mellitus-linked ocular disease and highlight the development of Kinostat (R) for cataract prevention in diabetic dogs. In addition to the veterinary market, we speculate that with further safety and efficacy studies in humans, Kinostat (R) or a closely related product could have a future role in treating diabetic keratopathy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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