期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 283, 期 1832, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2911
关键词
multigenerational exposure; silver; silver sulfide; nanotoxicology; transgenerational effects; epigenetics
资金
- EU 7th framework programme, Marie Curie Actions, ITN NanoTOES [PITN-GA-2010-264506]
- NERC/US-EPA, the Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE) [NE/H013679/1, RD83457401]
- UK NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Pollution and Environmental Risk Theme
- EU FP7 project GUIDEnano [CP-FP7 604387]
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under NSF, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) [EF-0830093, DBI-1266252]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00005094] Funding Source: researchfish
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H013679/1, NE/H013644/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BBS/E/C/00005094] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/H013644/1, NE/H013679/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The effects from multigenerational exposures to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in their pristine and transformed states are currently unknown despite such exposures being an increasingly common scenario in natural environments. Here, we examine how exposure over 10 generations affects the sensitivity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized Ag ENPs and AgNO3. We also include populations that were initially exposed over six generations but kept unexposed for subsequent four generations to allow recovery from exposure. Toxicity of the different silver forms decreased in the order AgNO3, Ag ENPs and Ag2S ENPs. Continuous exposure to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 caused pronounced sensitization (approx. 10-fold) in the F2 generation, which was sustained until F10. This sensitization was less pronounced for Ag2S ENP exposures, indicating different toxicity mechanisms. Subtle changes in size and lifespan were also measured. In the recovery populations, the sensitivity to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 resulting from the initial multigenerational exposure persisted. Their response sensitivity for all endpoints was most closely related to the last ancestral exposed generation (F5), rather than unexposed controls. The mechanisms of transgenerational transfer of sensitivity are probably organized through the epigenome, and we encourage others to investigate such effects as a priority for mechanistic toxicology.
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