期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 113, 期 21, 页码 5880-5885出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519620113
关键词
seasonal climate anomalies; carbon uptake; ecosystem fluxes; biosphere; atmosphere feedbacks; eddy covariance
资金
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- European Commission [300083]
- US Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Macquarie University Research Fellowship
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA's Terrestrial Hydrology Program
- National Science Foundation (NSF), through the Macrosystems Biology program [EF-1065029]
- LTER program [DEB-1114804]
- NASA ROSES [0486V-874F]
- NSF EPSCoR program [EPS-0553722, EPS-0919443]
- LTER program at the Konza Prairie Biological Station [DEB-0823341]
- NWO [SH-060-13]
- OCW/NWO for ICOS-NL
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Emerging Frontiers [1065029] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Emerging Frontiers [1065074, 1064614] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1440484, 1633026] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The global terrestrial carbon sink offsets one-third of the world's fossil fuel emissions, but the strength of this sink is highly sensitive to large-scale extreme events. In 2012, the contiguous United States experienced exceptionally warm temperatures and the most severe drought since the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s, resulting in substantial economic damage. It is crucial to understand the dynamics of such events because warmer temperatures and a higher prevalence of drought are projected in a changing climate. Here, we combine an extensive network of direct ecosystem flux measurements with satellite remote sensing and atmospheric inverse modeling to quantify the impact of the warmer spring and summer drought on biosphere-atmosphere carbon and water exchange in 2012. We consistently find that earlier vegetation activity increased spring carbon uptake and compensated for the reduced uptake during the summer drought, which mitigated the impact on net annual carbon uptake. The early phenological development in the Eastern Temperate Forests played a major role for the continental-scale carbon balance in 2012. The warm spring also depleted soilwater resources earlier, and thus exacerbated water limitations during summer. Our results show that the detrimental effects of severe summer drought on ecosystem carbon storage can be mitigated by warming-induced increases in spring carbon uptake. However, the results also suggest that the positive carbon cycle effect of warm spring enhances water limitations and can increase summer heating through biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks.
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