期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 113, 期 48, 页码 E7681-E7690出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612191113
关键词
biodemography; equality; lifespan; pace and shape; senescence
资金
- Max Planck Society
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
- University of Southern Denmark
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center
- National Center for Environmental Analysis and Synthesis
- Princeton Center for the Demography of Aging
- Princeton Center for Health and Well-Being
- US National Institute on Aging [P01AG031719, R01AG034513]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1457260] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1456832] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The human lifespan has traversed a long evolutionary and historical path, from short-lived primate ancestors to contemporary Japan, Sweden, and other longevity frontrunners. Analyzing this trajectory is crucial for understanding biological and sociocultural processes that determine the span of life. Here we reveal a fundamental regularity. Two straight lines describe the joint rise of life expectancy and lifespan equality: one for primates and the second one over the full range of human experience from average lifespans as low as 2 y during mortality crises to more than 87 y for Japanese women today. Across the primate order and across human populations, the lives of females tend to be longer and less variable than the lives of males, suggesting deep evolutionary roots to the male disadvantage. Our findings cast fresh light on primate evolution and human history, opening directions for research on inequality, sociality, and aging.
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