期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 113, 期 52, 页码 15030-15035出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525749113
关键词
phenotypic plasticity; eco-evolutionary dynamics; management; genetic adaptation; genetic variance
资金
- Norwegian Research Council
- NordForsk (GreenMAR)
- Bergen Research Foundation
- European Research Training Network on Fisheries-Induced Adaptive Changes in Exploited Stocks (FishACE) [MRTN-CT-2204-005578]
- European Specific Targeted Research Programme on Fisheries-induced Evolution (FinE) [SSP-2006-044276]
- European Science Foundation
- Austrian Science Fund
- Austrian Ministry of Science and Research
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund
The relative roles of density dependence and life history evolution in contributing to rapid fisheries-induced trait changes remain debated. In the 1930s, northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), currently the world's largest cod stock, experienced a shift from a traditional spawning-ground fishery to an industrial trawl fishery with elevated exploitation in the stock's feeding grounds. Since then, age and length at maturation have declined dramatically, a trend paralleled in other exploited stocks worldwide. These trends can be explained by demographic truncation of the population's age structure, phenotypic plasticity in maturation arising through density-dependent growth, fisheries-induced evolution favoring faster-growing or earlier-maturing fish, or a combination of these processes. Here, we use a multitrait eco-evolutionary model to assess the capacity of these processes to reproduce 74 y of historical data on age and length at maturation in northeast Arctic cod, while mimicking the stock's historical harvesting regime. Our results show that model predictions critically depend on the assumed density dependence of growth: when this is weak, life history evolution might be necessary to prevent stock collapse, whereas when a stronger density dependence estimated from recent data is used, the role of evolution in explaining fisheries-induced trait changes is diminished. Our integrative analysis of density-dependent growth, multitrait evolution, and stock-specific time series data underscores the importance of jointly considering evolutionary and ecological processes, enabling a more comprehensive perspective on empirically observed stock dynamics than previous studies could provide.
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